M II A II R II K
Aug 9, 2010, 5:06 PM
Supermodel Sirens on "Sanctuary" Island
9 August 2010
Fanis Grammenos
Read More: http://www.planetizen.com/node/45469&rf=wff
Additional: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/udi/journal/v15/n1/abs/udi200926a.html • http://www.calthorpe.com/publications/urban-network-new-framework-growth • http://www.fusedgrid.ca
In a recent article (http://www.slate.com/id/2237109), Witold Rybczynski praised the genius of architect and author Christopher Alexander and deplored the fact his great work is absent from architecture and planning schools curricula. Instead, he grieved, schools are busy with obscure academic wanderings on deconstructivism or other mind-numbing –isms. The rigour and depth of research such as Alexander’s are given up in preference for abstruse esoteric theorizing or preaching. Though he created a large following, he fathered no "–ism", simply a seminal book. Neither did he profess that the "Patterns" he recognized in his book A Pattern Language would be essential in solving the energy crunch, social disparities, alienation, ugliness, crime and other man-made city problems.
While absent in academia, Alexander still exerts influence in these two fields. Many practitioners admit to having his Pattern Language "handy on the desk as a constant reference". On the research side, his disciples, collaborators and many followers, among whom I humbly place myself, continue the exploration. A major contribution is the latest paper by a team of four (Michael Mehaffy, Sergio Porta, Yodan Rofe and Nikos Salingaros) which advances Alexander's work to its logical next stage: a general circulation network model for a city that subsumes and integrates many preceding detailed patterns; a super-model, an Alexandrian SimCity one might say.
The paper touches on many current topical and contested issues and settles a few. As I understood it, the paper:
• Pronounces the social/spatial doctrine of the "Neighborhood Unit" dead by research and declares "neighborhood" and "community" terra non-grata for determinism. It posits that one cannot "design" a neighbourhood or a community; each emerges where and when conditions are conducive and they take shape within or in spite and across preordained boundaries. This finding may surprise some who write about “architecture of community” or others who circumscribe fictional "villages", "towns" and neighbourhoods in the flux of the urban archipelago.
• Restores the primacy of traffic in creating wealth and "society". The surprise here is "society". Planners have reckoned traffic as the Jekyll and Hyde of contemporary cities. Welcomed and sought after for the goods it bestows, despised and incriminated for its savage hunger for space and speed. But while it can erode city space and increase risk, it can also irrigate social growth by means connecting goods, ideas and people. Interestingly, an old Greek term for a wide street is "leophoros", a people-bringer, a social super-collider.
• Reinforces and adopts the "sanctuary" cell as an organizing unit. It finds that a cellular structure evolves just as naturally in city districts as in organisms. The new cells are selectively permeable and averse to through traffic and thus become sanctuaries for home-based activities. Were possible, their tranquility and delight are enhanced by a focal green space.
• Accepts "hierarchy" as an underlying structuring principle that is common to fractal natural systems such as veins, brains, and trees, among many. Hierarchy of lengths and widths of connectors influences which will become Main Street, side street, footpath or dead-end."
• Reiterates and strengthens the 400 m rule, persistent in foot-based settlements and surfacing in most planning documents. This time it becomes the inviolable measure of a well-functioning network. It sets up the scale of human comfort that is intended to permeate neigbourhoods and districts."
• Repositions firmly the public uses (nuclei) where they have spontaneously emerged throughout history: at the crossroads of main roads and their extensions, not in fictional "centres". The "Emergent Neighborhood" model reconstructs a sound foundation for their location.
Figure 1. Organic networks obey fractal laws of organization and appear simultaneously orderly and irregular.
http://www.planetizen.com/files/Leaf-TreeCombo.jpg
Fig. 2. Two earlier circulation network models (at different scales) both denigrated but not replaced.
http://www.planetizen.com/files/NationalCommitteDiagram1958%20and1984.jpg
9 August 2010
Fanis Grammenos
Read More: http://www.planetizen.com/node/45469&rf=wff
Additional: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/udi/journal/v15/n1/abs/udi200926a.html • http://www.calthorpe.com/publications/urban-network-new-framework-growth • http://www.fusedgrid.ca
In a recent article (http://www.slate.com/id/2237109), Witold Rybczynski praised the genius of architect and author Christopher Alexander and deplored the fact his great work is absent from architecture and planning schools curricula. Instead, he grieved, schools are busy with obscure academic wanderings on deconstructivism or other mind-numbing –isms. The rigour and depth of research such as Alexander’s are given up in preference for abstruse esoteric theorizing or preaching. Though he created a large following, he fathered no "–ism", simply a seminal book. Neither did he profess that the "Patterns" he recognized in his book A Pattern Language would be essential in solving the energy crunch, social disparities, alienation, ugliness, crime and other man-made city problems.
While absent in academia, Alexander still exerts influence in these two fields. Many practitioners admit to having his Pattern Language "handy on the desk as a constant reference". On the research side, his disciples, collaborators and many followers, among whom I humbly place myself, continue the exploration. A major contribution is the latest paper by a team of four (Michael Mehaffy, Sergio Porta, Yodan Rofe and Nikos Salingaros) which advances Alexander's work to its logical next stage: a general circulation network model for a city that subsumes and integrates many preceding detailed patterns; a super-model, an Alexandrian SimCity one might say.
The paper touches on many current topical and contested issues and settles a few. As I understood it, the paper:
• Pronounces the social/spatial doctrine of the "Neighborhood Unit" dead by research and declares "neighborhood" and "community" terra non-grata for determinism. It posits that one cannot "design" a neighbourhood or a community; each emerges where and when conditions are conducive and they take shape within or in spite and across preordained boundaries. This finding may surprise some who write about “architecture of community” or others who circumscribe fictional "villages", "towns" and neighbourhoods in the flux of the urban archipelago.
• Restores the primacy of traffic in creating wealth and "society". The surprise here is "society". Planners have reckoned traffic as the Jekyll and Hyde of contemporary cities. Welcomed and sought after for the goods it bestows, despised and incriminated for its savage hunger for space and speed. But while it can erode city space and increase risk, it can also irrigate social growth by means connecting goods, ideas and people. Interestingly, an old Greek term for a wide street is "leophoros", a people-bringer, a social super-collider.
• Reinforces and adopts the "sanctuary" cell as an organizing unit. It finds that a cellular structure evolves just as naturally in city districts as in organisms. The new cells are selectively permeable and averse to through traffic and thus become sanctuaries for home-based activities. Were possible, their tranquility and delight are enhanced by a focal green space.
• Accepts "hierarchy" as an underlying structuring principle that is common to fractal natural systems such as veins, brains, and trees, among many. Hierarchy of lengths and widths of connectors influences which will become Main Street, side street, footpath or dead-end."
• Reiterates and strengthens the 400 m rule, persistent in foot-based settlements and surfacing in most planning documents. This time it becomes the inviolable measure of a well-functioning network. It sets up the scale of human comfort that is intended to permeate neigbourhoods and districts."
• Repositions firmly the public uses (nuclei) where they have spontaneously emerged throughout history: at the crossroads of main roads and their extensions, not in fictional "centres". The "Emergent Neighborhood" model reconstructs a sound foundation for their location.
Figure 1. Organic networks obey fractal laws of organization and appear simultaneously orderly and irregular.
http://www.planetizen.com/files/Leaf-TreeCombo.jpg
Fig. 2. Two earlier circulation network models (at different scales) both denigrated but not replaced.
http://www.planetizen.com/files/NationalCommitteDiagram1958%20and1984.jpg