[Nexus6]

A 250m high tower called "Marieninsel" is planned on the site of T11 which will have to be teared down. Investors are Deka-Bank, Degi GmbH and DB Real Estate. Date will be 2010.

http://home.t-online.de/home/510090210002-0001/marieninsel.jpg

[Jai-C]

Nice proposal!

Thanks for scanning the picture.

[R@ptor]

That skyscraper has quite a similarity with the Eureka Tower which is currently u/c in Melbourne, Australia.

But anyway it would be great if Frankfurt would get its third 250m skyscraper

[tim]

thats what I thought too - a bit of a rip-off really. but as far as I understood this is just the preliminary design.

[Samuel]

Nice!
250m is amazing!

[stanford]

goo deutscheland! great design and 250 m is some great height

[Jai-C]

My little contribution... :)

http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=29855&drawingID=25122

[Pollock]

Bravo Frankfurt!!!! :yes:

[matze]

your diagramm is great as always jai-c!

[Mikael]

beautiful tower !

[coth]

nice tower. and yes, it is very similar to Eureka...


hey, can anyone tell - what is happen with this projects?
MAX
Tower 1
Frankfurter Sparkasse
Metzler Bank
Hochhaus an der alten Oper
Hochhaus Güterplatz
Tower 2
Degussa Hochhaus

[R@ptor]

MAX

Was approved by the city, but the investor don't want to build it anymore

Tower 1

Is likely to start construction in 2005 when the problems between Vivico and the city are solved

Frankfurter Sparkasse

Haven't heard anything about it in a while

Metzler Bank

Same here

Hochhaus an der alten Oper

There is a good chance that construction will start this year

Hochhaus Güterplatz

It was proposed was but I haven't heard anything about it since then.

Tower 2

Depends on if Tower 1 is build. If yes there is a really good chance that Tower 2 will be build as well as part of the UEC project.

Degussa Hochhaus

It was proposed was but I haven't heard anything about it since then.

[R@ptor]

MAX:
http://skyscraperpage.com/gallery/data/627/4023max.jpg

Tower1:
http://skyscraperpage.com/gallery/data/627/4023uect1klein0.jpg

Frankfurter Sparkasse:
http://skyscraperpage.com/gallery/data/627/4023neuemainzerstrasse.jpg

Metzler Bank:
http://skyscraperpage.com/gallery/data/627/4023metzlerbank.jpg

Hochhaus an der Alten Oper:
http://skyscraperpage.com/gallery/data/627/4023tishmanspeyertower.jpg

Tower2:
http://skyscraperpage.com/gallery/data/627/4023tower2.jpg

[Fabb]

Nice new project.

Wich one was Max again ? Hopefully not the tower by Jahn, nor the other one by Nouvel... I love these two.

[coth]

So Max cancelled by investor?

[Fabb]

@ R@ptor : Thanks for editing your post and adding the renderings.
I'm really sorry for Max, but I hope Tower 1 is safe.

[Grumpy]

My little contribution... :)

http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=29855&drawingID=25122

Excellent drawing !
How do you guys do this...amazing :tup:

[matze]

raptor: I think you forgot ecb on your list

150 m up to 200m (the decision about the hight is not final)
http://www.frankfurtopia.de/images/skyscrp/ezb_new.jpg

[tim]

the proposal must be taller than 250m. the preliminary design shows 68 floors!

btw. deutsche bank does not need max, but it doesn't mean they won't sell the project to a different investor as others did in the past. this peace of land is just too valuable to leave it like it is.

[Nexus6]

New rendering of Marieninsel

http://www.fr-aktuell.de/_img/_cnt/_online/040603_lok_hotel.jpg

[Grumpy]

^^ rendering is gone :(

[Fabb]

http://www.murphyjahn.com/projects/firstimg_text/max_01.jpg

Still no hope for this beautiful project ?

[matze]

http://www.murphyjahn.com/projects/firstimg_text/max_01.jpg

Still no hope for this beautiful project ? Sure there is hope. The tower is approved and the investor (Deutsche Bank) didn't canceled it, officialy the project is postponed until the real-estate market in FFM grows again.

[Fabb]

I don't know about the specific case of Frankfurt, but the real estate market in Germany is one of a few not to be booming.
That's not a good sign.

[Nexus6]

You mean it is one of the few not to be overvalued! :D

[Fabb]

You mean it is one of the few not to be overvalued!

Correct.
And you know that skyscrapers tend to be built when the real estate market is overvalued.

Another factor is the vacancy rate. What's it like currently in Frankfurt ?

[tim]

the vacancy rate is very high for frankfurt - in fact it's probably the highest ever, but in comparison to other cities abroad (new york, london, shanghai, etc..) it's still not that bad. germany had always very low vacancy rates - when london had 10% or new york 15%, cities like frankfurt or munich only had 5% or even as low as 1%...
in germany the real estate industry speaks about a crisis when they mention a 10-15% vacancy rate - in other cities it's the usual vacancy rate.
still, despite the relatively high vacancy rate, the frankfurt real estate market is still the healthiest in germany. frankfurt has always been an exception to the rule - not only in the world of the real estate...

[Fabb]

OK.
What the latest figure ?

[tim]

between 10 and 15 % - depends on how you count (the higher numbers include rented office space that is not being used - only 2/3 of the vacancy rate is un-rented space)

[Grumpy]

Besides the ECB proposal anything else happening in Frankfurt ?

[tim]

Not much, only the largest inner city redevelopment project (FrankfurtHochVier) in Europe including two towers plus a few smaller highrise projects like the WestendDuo or a new tower for the KFW Bank by Sauerbruch Hutton. And a new residential tower proposal (including a few smaller towers and the reconstruction of the Henninger Tower to a residential tower) has been presented yesterday. Plus tons of low rise projects, but that doesn't count really...

[Frankfurter]

Here some pictures of the projects:

Henninger Turm ( 123m ) renovation plus 85m tower plus some small highrises:

http://www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de/Galerie/data/504/1henniger.jpg

WestendDuo, 96m ( under construction ):

http://www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de/Galerie/data/504/1Tower24.jpg

http://www.ksp-architekten.de/admin/news_pics/n27/tower_c.jpg

Actual Picture of the site:

http://img67.exs.cx/img67/4683/39dt.jpg


Frankfurthochvier, consiting of 2 Towers ( 130 and 93m ), shopping mall, reconstruction of the old Thurn und Taxis Plais ( under construction ):



http://www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de/Galerie/data/504/14.jpg

http://www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de/Galerie/data/504/12.jpg

http://www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de/Galerie/data/504/1fhochvier.JPG



Recent Pictures:

http://img53.exs.cx/img53/7501/ffmh4jan0514og.jpg

http://img53.exs.cx/img53/9431/ffmh4jan0527he.jpg


Blue Heaven Hotel Tower 87m, nearly finished:

http://hometown.aol.de/DAForum/temp/9.jpg

Renovation of the now so called 'Lighttower' nearly completed ( aprx. 60m ):

http://www.lighttower-frankfurt.de/img/coming-soon_left.jpg

Latest Construction pic:

http://img1.uploadimages.net/3563755.jpg

'Maintriangel' ( under construction , 62m ):

http://www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de/Galerie/data/504/1tria2.jpg

http://img134.exs.cx/img134/2958/maitr9za.jpg

'Westend-First' Renovation ( under construction ):

http://www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de/Galerie/data/504/1we1st_1.gif

New Highrise (58m) of the Kreditanstalt f�r Wiederaufbau, design: Sauerbruch Hutton, starting in 2005:

http://img42.exs.cx/img42/9994/westen.jpg

http://www.fvgffm.de/temp/kfw/3.jpg

Sparkasse Informatik ( 70m ) under construction:

http://www.fvgffm.de/temp/kfw/59.jpg

Latest Picture:

http://people.freenet.de/urgewalten/index_y/sparinf1.jpg

Renovation Swiss National building, one of Frankfurts first skyscrapers, going to be renovated like it was built in the 60ies, real ugly:)

Future:
http://www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de/Galerie/data/504/31SchweizerNat.jpg

Now:
http://www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de/Galerie/data/504/31Schweizer-21.jpg

and as Tim said a lot of smaller projects...

Besides: EZB is not proposed it is already approved and going to be built...
New Rumors also indicate that the Former called Z�rich Hochhaus (170m) starts also is year with a delay of 3 years. It will be occupied partly by a Hotel and Offices like the Mariott Tower in Frankfurt.

[tim]

how awesome! I love the tishman speyer tower.

[Jai-C]

Frankfurt Hoch Vier isn't yet under construction - they just started to demolish some old buildings. Actually there's not a single 100m+ tower under construction right now... :(

[Frankfurter]

Frankfurt Hoch Vier isn't yet under construction - they just started to demolish some old buildings. Actually there's not a single 100m+ tower under construction right now... :(

i am sorry, jai-c IT IS under construction, the whole project as i mentioned it, is.
The Towers are planned anyway later, but the Project FFHV is under construction at the Zeil corner.

Sogar die Bewehrungen und Gründungen starten schon, habe es heute erst selbst an der Zeil gesehen...

[Jai-C]

Sure the project started but the towers did not. Preperations for an upcoming highrise do not mean that the highrise itself already is under construction.

[Frankfurter]

exactly, but the towers are part of the project, like the mall etc.
I was taking about the whole project as u can read a few posts earlier...

[tim]

Uh...the construction of the FrankfurtHochVier project officially started on July 1, 2004. Besides, the question was not, what is under construction now, but what is going on in Frankfurt apart from the ECB project....

[Jai-C]

The question is - will they build the mall and the towers or just the mall.

@Tim: what do you mean with "what is going on" - projects under construction or also proposals (because there are a lots of them)?

[tim]

There is no project without the towers, it's just not feasable. That newspaper that is trying to block the project will be forced to accept an offer.

[tim]

Going on at the moment (I am not speaking about future proposals, just what is happening this year).

[Jai-C]

There is no project without the towers, it's just not feasable. That newspaper that is trying to block the project will be forced to accept an offer.

Not so sure about that - there are other projects of that kind(consisting out of a mall and one or more highrises) where they will only build the mall while the tower remains unbuilt.

[tim]

But this project will be unfeasable because of the high initial costs for land, demolition, and the costs of reconstruction of that historic palace. The most important part of the project are the towers. They subsidize the mall. Without them this huge project won't be attractive anymore. Apart from that it is only one tower we're speaking about. The hotel tower is not effected at all. Anyway, this doesn't matter because it seems the developer and the newspaper will come to agreement very shortly. A billion dollar project won't die because of a few millions more for a piece of land.

[Grumpy]

Is this the final design ?

http://www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de/Galerie/data/504/1fhochvier.JPG

[Fabb]

Frankfurthochvier is really beautiful.
I hope it gets built fast.

[Samuel]

Yes it's great..
Thx for the list Frankfurter!

[Fabb]

I belive there was a proposed building designed by Portzamparc. Any news on that one ?

[philter2]

Allez Frankfurt

[Fabb]

http://www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de/Galerie/data/504/1Tower24.jpg

It's very beautiful.
How long is the construction supposed to last ?

[tim]

until november 2006.


another project for this year:

http://www.fvgffm.de/TRANSITION1.GIF

completion end of 2007



in february two midrise projects start simultaneously - one is the new european headquarters of kia motors and the other one is the european headquarters of hyundai motors. both projects will also be finished simultaneously - right in time for the world cup.


one more thing: the 170m tishman speyer project mentioned by frankfurter
http://hometown.aol.de/FWVONGOETZ/temp/zuerich45.jpg

[Fabb]

^ It looks like it was designed in the 70s.

[tim]

huh? the towers to the left and right look like they were designes in the 70s but not the tower in center...the 70s aren't exactly famous for stone clad facades...

[Miu]

TS Tower will get a sandstone cladding.

http://photos.heremy.com/rfoto/109546746239.jpg

[asaco102]

Is there any hope for "Marieninsel, or not !?
It´s a beautiful proposal, I hope it will start soon, otherways .....

[Grumpy]

the sandstone colour will be a lot better than that light yellow.
a good choice and...actually not seen in the entire FFM skyscrapercolours.

btw , Maintriangel is a beauty , I love it !

[Fabb]

The spires don't have enough presence.
Recent buildings have set new standards.

[tim]

Is there any hope for "Marieninsel, or not !?
It�s a beautiful proposal, I hope it will start soon, otherways .....

it is a totally new proposal. according to the potential investor something for the year 2010. there is still a lot of time until then ....

[asaco102]

[/QUOTE]
it is a totally new proposal. according to the potential investor something for the year 2010. there is still a lot of time until then .... [/QUOTE]

IMO, Frankfurt is a dead city. They build some few small buildings. Comparing to Moscow, Paris (Europe), not to mention asian cities, Frankfurt is far away - BEHIND! Unfortunately.

I like Frankfurt, it is my favorite european city!
We need more buildings like Skyper (or "Marieninsel":nuts: )

http://www.abg-gruppe.de/doc/projekte/skyper1.jpg

[tim]

what do you mean by dead city? frankfurt may not have as many tall buildings under construction right now as moscow or madrid, but it certainly beats paris (paris only has two or three proposals in total) and most other european cities.

frankfurt has the largest single residential project of europe under construction (16 thousand units in one area), the largest inner city redevelopment project and tons of smaller projects and let's not forget: frankfurt is tiny compared to paris, moscow or the big asian cities...you can't compare a city of 600.000 with a city of 10 million.

[asaco102]

what do you mean by dead city? frankfurt may not have as many tall buildings under construction right now as moscow or madrid, but it certainly beats paris (paris only has two or three proposals in total) and most other european cities.

frankfurt has the largest single residential project of europe under construction (16 thousand units in one area), the largest inner city redevelopment project and tons of smaller projects and let's not forget: frankfurt is tiny compared to paris, moscow or the big asian cities...you can't compare a city of 600.000 with a city of 10 million.

Let´s wait. I live 30 km south of Frankfurt, I drive through it two times a day. In the city, behind Deutsche Bank Towers, is some residental building ( 5-6 floors ) under construction. Zeil projekt is also U/C. That´s all I can see. Oh yes, not to forget, Garten Tower next to Main Tower is under reconstruction.
I tell you one more time, I like Frankfurt, but today is just too expensive to build some building here. Just one example:

-1990 Messeturm (257 m) costed cca.240 000 000 Euro ($US319 680 000)
-2005 Skyper (154 m) costed 480 000 000 Euro ($US 639 360 000 )

[Samuel]

You forgot Maintriangel and BlueHeaven ?!!!

[Fabb]

-1990 Messeturm (257 m) costed cca.240 000 000 Euro ($US319 680 000)
-2005 Skyper (154 m) costed 480 000 000 Euro ($US 639 360 000 )

That's a lot of inflation in 15 years.
I'm surprised.

[asaco102]

Anybody there???

[Torch]

Every city has some bad years!
And the growth of London, Madrid and Moscow is extraordinary!
I can't remember that in the 90's, when Frankfurt was booming, Madrid or Moscow have this big boom that they have now!

[Fabb]

What's the current vacancy rate in Frankfurt ?

[Jai-C]

What's the current vacancy rate in Frankfurt ?
around 17%

[Fabb]

It's not that bad !
Time to start another big construction. When it's completed, there'll be demand.

[Grumpy]

a small update would be appreciated ;)

[Lindberg]

Quote:
Quote by Fabb
What's the current vacancy rate in Frankfurt ?



around 17%


__________________

Not that bad? we're at 13 pc in Montreal, and can't get any office tower built !

[Grumpy]

to spice up this thread :

some Frankfurt photo's :

http://www.fotocommunity.de/pc/pc/cat/2449

[Grumpy]

how is the actual situation on the HochVier project ??

[Samuel]

The construction of the HochVier-Project will start in september.

[Oliver]

The construction of the HochVier-Project will start in september.

Update 20.07.2005


http://img348.imageshack.us/img348/5483/hochvier31ci.jpg

[Samuel]

Thx, I meant that the highrises are going to be built.

[Frankfurter]

Here a little Update of the newest "baby" in Frankfurts Skyline, the so called "WestendDuo", Height 96m

www.westendduo.de

Model:

http://img2.uploadimages.net/795562tower24_n.jpg

Pics of tonight:

Panorama, quite difficult to take good pictures there due to the local surroundings like big trees ect.

http://img111.imageshack.us/img111/8239/westendduo18200510vp.th.jpg (http://img111.imageshack.us/my.php?image=westendduo18200510vp.jpg)

Already viewable in the Skyline:

http://img63.imageshack.us/img63/798/westendduo18200520wj.th.jpg (http://img63.imageshack.us/my.php?image=westendduo18200520wj.jpg)

30m :) at least something is going up in Frankfurt...

http://img63.imageshack.us/img63/8350/westendduo18200530zr.th.jpg (http://img63.imageshack.us/my.php?image=westendduo18200530zr.jpg)


Source:
http://deutsches-architektur-forum.de/forum/showthread.php?t=451

Before using my pictures somewhere else, please ask...

[Grumpy]

the open gaps with those stairways are quiet remarkable

[R@ptor]

Construction update.

All pictures were taken on 15th October (last weekend)

Westend Duo, 96m, 26 floors

Rendering:

http://skyscraperpage.com/gallery/data/627/754tower24.jpg

The construction has reached the 70m-level.

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/pics/westend151005_01.jpg

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/pics/westend151005_02.jpg

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/pics/westend151005_03.jpg

Getting visible in the Westend Skyline. Seen from the observation deck of the Zeil Galerie.

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/pics/westend151005_04.jpg

Sparkassen Informatik, 70m, 19 floors

Rendering:

http://skyscraperpage.com/gallery/data/627/754sparkassen-informatik.jpg

Almost finished.

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/pics/fraspa151005_01.jpg

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/pics/fraspa151005_02.jpg


The Frankfurt Hoch 4 project (Zeil Hochhaus I & II) is sadly completely surrounded by high fences so that I couldn't take any pictures. BTW the construction of FH4 was officially started on 28th September.

[James Bond Agent 007]

Lookin' good!

Keep us updated! :)

[DTiger]

Amazing future Model pictures of Frankfurt
note: white building are u/c, future projects or visions!

http://deutsches-architektur-forum.de/forum/showthread.php?t=4879

[Agent Orange]

^ Cool link. Wish I could read German.

[Frankfurter]

@Agent
Most Germans speak English, so i am sure if u ask someone would translate for U :)

[asaco102]

Photos of Westend Duo I made yesterday:

http://img496.imageshack.us/img496/3711/kopievonim0009436as.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

http://img496.imageshack.us/img496/9326/kopievonim0009447so.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

http://img496.imageshack.us/img496/8564/kopievonim0009456te.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

http://img496.imageshack.us/img496/7036/kopievonim0009462dc.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

http://img496.imageshack.us/img496/9533/kopievonim0009472ob.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

http://img496.imageshack.us/img496/5597/kopievonim0009496gu.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

http://img496.imageshack.us/img496/8864/kopievonim0009504hc.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

http://img496.imageshack.us/img496/7961/kopievonim0009511nc.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

http://img496.imageshack.us/img496/3810/kopievonim0009529jz.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

[Frankfurter]

Nice Update, thank You!

[James Bond Agent 007]

Amazing future Model pictures of Frankfurt
note: white building are u/c, future projects or visions!

http://deutsches-architektur-forum.de/forum/showthread.php?t=4879
I remember seeing this model a few years ago. Are all of the projects in that model still going to be built?

I've been reading a lot about the German economy being slow so I'm just wondering. :)

[DTiger]

Unfortunately some of them are cancelled. :(

Growth in the German economy, Europe's largest, is set to accelerate next year, lifted by exports and stronger investment, a report has said.

According to the Ifo research institute, gross domestic product (GDP) will expand by 1.7% next year, compared with an earlier forecast of 1.2%.

Growth also is set to improve in 2005, hitting a higher-than-expected 0.9%.

Germany is emerging from a slowdown and the report is the latest to suggest the recovery is becoming more sustainable.

"The economy really is picking up," said Hans-Werner Sinn, president of the Munich-based research group.

"After five years, there are clear signs that the economic lull has been overcome."

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4542744.stm

The people are quit optimistic right now and the big pessimism seems to be finally over :)

[DTiger]

New Rendering of the ECB (European Certral Bank) Tower.

http://deutsches-architektur-forum.de/forum/showpost.php?p=106207&postcount=742

The construction should start later this year.

[asaco102]

What is going on with Japan Center???

http://img293.imageshack.us/img293/6981/anlagebilder019116ul.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

http://img293.imageshack.us/img293/6577/anlagebilder0208cv.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

http://img293.imageshack.us/img293/1548/anlagebilder0217hm.jpg (http://imageshack.us)

[R@ptor]

I've asked myself the same thing. I was in Frankfurt last Friday and it looks like they are changing some facade parts.

[R@ptor]

Here are some new photos I took last week from the roof of the 'Main Tower'. I know some of them are blurry, but this is due to the strong winds on the roof.


The cladding has started on the WestendDuo:

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/pics/200_0079x.jpg

Another photo of WestendDuo (on the right):

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/pics/200_0099x.jpg


Construction has also started on the 'Frankfurt Hoch Vier' project which includes two highrises (125m/410ft ,99m/325ft):

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/pics/200_0071x.jpg

Zoomed in:

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/pics/200_0074x.jpg

[Bergenser]

cool :D

[phillyskyline]

Nice too see construction in Europe's best skyline city. I love that Blue Heaven Hotel design!

[Frankfurter]

New Model Pictures of the current design after the Optimisation Phase:

http://img367.imageshack.us/img367/5373/17qf1.jpg

http://img464.imageshack.us/img464/4113/25zl.jpg

http://img388.imageshack.us/img388/1008/39vo.jpg

http://img388.imageshack.us/img388/2015/44up.jpg

http://img462.imageshack.us/img462/3913/56ww.jpg


Photographer: Robert Metsch
ECB Press Release, 18.1.2006 http://www.ecb.int/ecb/premises/html/index.en.html

[LFRENCH]

Thats a slick looking building, love to see it built. I especially like the twisting design feature, adds alot of character:tup:

Keep up the good work Frankfurt;)

[James Bond Agent 007]

I like that ECB tower. It would look good in Seattle. :)

[Nexus6]

Deutsche Bahn (German Railway) plans to move its HQ back from Berlin to Frankfurt once it goes public (on the stock exchange) and it wants to build a 200m high skyscraper as new seat there.

http://www.frankfurter-rundschau.de/frankfurt_und_hessen/lokalnachrichten/aktuelle_meldungen/?em_cnt=871697

[Grumpy]

what is going to happen with the old DB hq in the Stephensonstrasse ?

[CHapp]

:previous: Sounds like it's going to be retained, Grumpy. :yes:

@Nexus: having read the article I don't think the DB or whatever they call themselves these days is planning to move its HQ from Berlin to Frankfurt. The new highrise in Frankfurt is merely the place where they plan to consolidate their workers who are currently scattered over a number of sites all over the city. :)

[safta20]

Could anyone of you Germans take some shots of this event for us? Please!

http://www.wm-frankfurt-2006.de/medien/Bildgalerie/27/Sky_Arena_01_web.jpg

Please visit these sites for more information:

Frankfurt to provide overture to the World Cup (http://www.wm-frankfurt-2006.de/main.php?bereich=aktuell&content_id=13&news_id=615)

More Pics (http://www.wm-frankfurt-2006.de/main.php?bereich=allgemein&content_id=17&gid=27#)

It sounds cool doesn't it:)

[safta20]

Any news from Frankfurt?

[R@ptor]

Some new construction photos I took last week.

TECTUM TOWER

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/upload/tectum1_july06.JPG

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/upload/tectum2_july06.JPG

WESTEND DUO

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/upload/westendduo1_july06.JPG

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/upload/westendduo2_july06.JPG

http://www.jochenhertweck.com/upload/westendduo3_july06.JPG