[BolliBatlu]

Rice field on rooftop

The water consumption is less because of the substantial quantity of coir used in the grow bags which maintains the moisture for a long time.

“If the same technique is used by the paddy cultivators of Mandya and Raichur, then they can grow with 50 per cent less water. It’s a misconception that paddy requires lot of water. I have been propagating this at many events,” says Krishnappa who is invited to deliver talks on progressive farming.

How about using coir (or activated/inoculated biochar) for sugarcane cultivation? Anyone has experimented? (experiment on biocarbon?) At least soil can be covered with coir to prevent water evaporation during non-rainy seasons.

‘Organic farming healthier, profitable’

Bantakal said that most of the farmers opted for the conventional method of farming which proved to be a burden on their pockets. They relied on chemical fertilisers which add nutrients to the soil. The use of chemical-based fertilisers often led to environmental hazards and involved contamination of the groundwater.

If farmers opt for organic farming, they would be incurring only 20 per cent of the total expenditure incurred in the conventional methods of farming.

That is one side of harms & issues related to usage of chemical fertilizers. The major issue of chemical farming is also that it destroys flora & fauna through mining activities. Environmental Aspects of Phosphate and Potash Mining How Do Fertilizers Affect the Environment. Chemical farming releases materials burried deep in earth to surface, water bodies & atmosphere, Organic farming is just recycling whatever available in & near surface though usage of materials like epsom, gypsum, rockdust, pumice, humus which are got through mining is also considered as organic farming.

That is off topic, let us now move towards terrace/indoor gardening.

Horticulture department to boost terrace gardening - I think horticulture department has totally failed in Mangaluru in promoting terrace/indoor gardening - mushroom, hydroponics, aeroponics etc. No demonstration pieces, no materials for anyone of these. They just provide training through outsiders but local support to growers is totally missing. Forget this even the nursery/greenhouse (what kind of greenhouse?) is empty. They just had grown some arecanut trees in nursery for Kadri show. The staff is telling people don't show interest. How can people show interest when they themselves are not interested? How people can show interest when they keep their shop closed half of times? When they frequently run out of whatever little they supply also? Shouldn't they have mushroom dark room, aeroponic/hydroponic demonstration systems in their premises itself? If they themselves had built these facilities in their premises then they would have easily provided mushroom seeds, straws, hydroponic/aeroponic/fogponic/aquaponic accessories to people. Only attraction is they supply subsidized grow bags. One recent good news is fisheries college is going to have aquaponic system through CARPS. Apart from this we have things like Hydroponics with cows urine and coconut water & soilless gardener by a few private persons. No idea on animal husbandry department.

Let us form a group of well known terrace gardeners of Mangaluru - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. Let these experiencd gardeners prepare guidelines booklet. The guidelines should include things like what to grow as per climate, fetilizer & pesticide production & usage guidelines, potting soil preparation, reusage of potting soil, where do we get what details but better is to have everything available in one place for single shop purchasing. Books & videos in Tulu & other local languages needed like given below on homemade insecticides, fertilizers etc. I hope a few schools & colleges encourage students to develop home garden and share videos on internet. As Mangalore University has recently introduced courses in horticulture/floriculture 1 they can take a leading role in publishing books and guidelines.

Organic Fertilizers
How to make Compost using leaves and wasted vegetables at home
# Part-1 how to Make Compost Without Bad Smell | Clay Pot Composter (Urdu/hindi)
Making leaves Fertilizer || घर पर बनायें Compost
इस तरीके से आप आधे समय में तैयार कर सकते है खाद Compost will be ready very fast
A useful technique to get more jasmine Flower (with english subtitle)
How to Make Liquid Fertilizer for a Hydroponics System : Hooked on 'Ponics
Successfull Compost Tea Hydroponics week 4
How to brew compost tea for your garden | Green Leaf Garden Center | GLGCTV
Best DIY Compost Tea Brewer made with a Garbage Can & PVC Pipe
How to Brew Compost Tea in a 5 Gallon Bucket to Enrich Your Garden
3 Reasons Why Compost Tea Doesn't Work & How it Can Improve Your Garden
Why Compost Tea is NOT Created Equal & How to Make the Best Compost Tea
Best Compost Tea Brewer for Serious Growers
How to make Compost Tea at Home || Compost Tea - Organic Fertilizer || Fun Gardening || 28 Nov, 2017
How to build a Vermiculture/Vermicomposting/Worm bin at The Farm at South Mountain
Best Worm Bin I Have Ever Found - Easily Compost Your Food Waste
Cow urine marketed as virtually cost free organic fertiliser and pesticide
How to make Moringa Fertilizer
Roof-top Organic Farming : Priya in Mumbai grows vegetable with household organic fertilizers
Saltwater Plants Offer Hope for Struggling Farms
जैविक पोटाश घर में बनाने की 3 विधि।Home Made potash
Panchagavya, Bio-Digester, Green Manuring, Azolla & Slurrigation (how to incorporate in urban areas?)
फूल बढ़ाने वाला टॉनिक घर में बनाये।सहजन टॉनिक।Sahjan tonic

Biostimulants
What Are Humic Acids?
What Is the Difference Between Compost & Humus?
Humates - Best Organic Fertilizer For "Chelating" Nutrients
Vermicompost and humic fertilizer improve coastal saline soil by regulating soil aggregates and the bacterial community
हुमिक एसिड घर में बनाने का तरीका.Home made humic acide.organic farming.kheti ki shan
हुमिक एसिड और जिब्रेलिक एसिड में अंतर।Humic Acide vs Gibberellic acide.
घर में बने टॉनिक का स्टोर करने का तरीका। home made humic, Gibberellic,flovic acide.potash
जैविक जिब्रेलिक एसिड घर पर बनाने की विधि | Natural Gibberellic acid as a growth promoter
Developing Biostimulants From Agro-Food and Industrial By-Products
Vermicompost biostimulants: nutrients and auxin for root growth
Seaweed extracts as biostimulants in horticulture
Plant Growth Biostimulants Based on Different Methods of Seaweed Extraction with Water

Biochar
What is BioChar? How to Make & Why You shouldn't use Raw Biochar
Why Biochar Doesn't Live Up to the Hype & Biochar FAQ
Making Biochar For Small Farms
Biochar Inoculation with Dan Hettinger
Biochar Workshop Part 1, How to Make Biochar
Biochar Workshop Part 2, Why to Make Biochar
Biochar Workshop Part 3, The Carbon Cycle
Biochar Workshop Part 4, The Biochar Facility
Biochar Workshop Part 5, Biochar & the Greenhouse
Biochar Workshop 2017
Rippel | TEDxZurich
World's Largest Rooftop Farm Uses Soil Reef Biochar - Brooklyn Grange Organic Farm

Potting soil
How to make your own 100% Organic Potting Soil Mix
How to make your own potting mix at home-Urdu
What type of soil to use in pots and how to make it-Urdu
How to Make Potting Mix? - Make Soil WITHOUT Soil - (Urdu|Hindi)
How to make Organic Potting Mix in Home
Best Potting Soil Recipe

If we are making your own coco peat then it is neccessary to wash & dry it after soaking in water for a few days to get requisite pH & electrical conductivity level 1 2 3.

Reusing potting soil
How to Revitalize your Old Potting Soil. The Total Procedure. (use organic fertilizers/pesticides instead of chemicals)
How To Revitalize & Reuse Your Old Potting Soil Step By Step | (Urdu/Hindi)
5 STEPS TO REJUVENATE EXPIRED OLD POTTING SOIL MIX | Revitalize Old Garden Soil
How to revitalize and re-use potting soil (dry in sun to kill fungus etc)

Soil Nutrients & pH value
PERFECT SOIL PH: 10 Natural Ways to Achieve Ideal PH for Plants

Organic Pesticides
How to make Insecticide, Pesticide, Fungicide, Antibiotics Miracle All in one Solution
घर में फंगीसाइड बनाने की विधि।Home Made Fungicide
How to make home made pesticide by using Neem leaves and garlic.
How to make Homemade Pesticide to Control Aphids and White flies.
How to Control Ants in your garden and house in Homemade recipe.
Simple Solution for Mealybug/ White insects
पौधों💐 की सभी बीमारियों का एक ही इलाज, जो बनाये खुद 😊
Making of Nimastra Hindi Jeevika Bihar
Rajiv Dixit on cattle urine, neem as insecticide | Farming
Organic Farming Zero Budget Farming Formula By Rajiv Dixit Ji

Hydroponics
Hydroponic Systems
Wick Systems
Building an Inexpensive Hydroponics/Aeroponics System --***
How to make an inexpensive low-pressure aeroponics system
How to make an inexpensive low-pressure aeroponic system - DIY - New Design - Version 2 - Full Video
AeroGarden Review | Testing Cool Kitchen Gadgets
How to set-up Smart Farm Hydroponic Tower Garden
The World’s Most Productive Greenhouse in Extreme Desert Heat (Vertical Aeroponics)
How to do Simple Hydroponics
Hydroponics Growing Made Easy Part 1
Hydroponics Growing Made Easy Part 2
Dutch Bucket Hydroponics - How It Works & How to Make Your Own Buckets
Indoor gardening with hydroponics
Best Products at a Hydroponic Store for Explosive Plant Growth
How to do Successful Hydroponics Farming in India | बिना मिट्टी के खेती - हाइड्रोपोनिक्स खेती
घर की छत पर उगाये सभी तरह की सब्जियां Hydrophonic Farming
NFT based hydroponic system on rooftop बिना मिट्टी के हाइड्रोपोनिक तकनीक द्वारा छत पर बागवानी
Successful Hydroponics agriculture in Punjab,india
Best Hydroponic system in nominal cost | Made by Young Punjabi farmer
Mohit Hydroponic
खेती बिना मिट्टी : ग़ज़ब की हाइड्रोपोनिक्स तकनीक
Making of hydroponic Fodder system
Worlds best Hydroponics fodder system
Hydroponic lettuce greenhouse factory -- Automated
Automated hydroponic system - Harvest in the Greenhouse - Hydroponic and Vertical Farming
Hydroponics Fodder in Kenya
The ‘step by step’ of how to grow hydroponic barley/wheat fodder in Africa

Fogponics, Mist Makers/Foggers
Fogponics
Teens create automated aeroponics garden kit with NASA tech --***
How to build and use a fogponic system --***
Ultrasonic Aeroponic System
Ultrasonic Fogger
Ultrasonic Fogger
Mini Mist Fogger - Increase humidity
Micro Sprayers/Atomizing spray jets
Micro Sprayer Fan Jet For Hydroponic and Aeroponic Misting Nozzle Sprinkler
Micro Pulverizer
The MicroFog Atomizer - A True Low Pressure Garden Atomizer! Best Foliar Sprayer for Plants Fogger
Agricultural Technology 20171218 | CCTV Agriculture

Microgreens
Sprouts, microgreens, and edible flowers: the potential for high value specialty produce in Asia
Top 10 Mistakes When Growing Microgreens & How to Avoid them
How to Grow Sprouts with Water or in Soil Any Time of the Year at Got Sprouts
Growing Microgreens and Sprouts with Home Made Compost
Microgreen Answers: Materials & Setup
How to Grow Microgreens
How To Grow The Best Wheatgrass | Hippocrates Health Institute Video
How To Grow Microgreens at Home Without Soil Martys Garden Style
How to Grow a MicroGreens Vegetable Garden Year Round Inside Your Home
The TBE Microgreens Kit
Hamama Microgreens Grow Kit Unboxing
Be Leaf Microgreen Kit - Unboxing
Hydroponic Microgreens Kit Review
EcoQube Sprout - Grow Your First Micro Garden with the Simple Tool
$10,000 a month growing microgreens in a basement!
Starting a Microgreen Farm in the Middle of a Bustling City

Microgreen kits are to be designed keeping in mind Tulunadu's climate.

Mushroom
How to Prepare Organic & Tasty Mushroom at Home | Cultivation Village Food
How To Grow Mushrooms Easily at home
Mushroom Farming (PART 1) मशरुम की खेती हिंदी में सीखें V-log
Mushroom Farming PART 2 मशरुम की खेती हिंदी में सीखें -V-log
Learn Mushroom Farming (PART 3) मशरुम की खेती हिंदी में
Mushroom Farming (PART4) मशरुम की खेती हिंदी में सीखें -
Mushroom Farming [PART 5] मशरुम की खेती हिंदी में सीखें
Mushroom Cultivation, kannada 1
Mushroom Cultivation (Kannada)
Mushroom Cultivation - Kannada <-- (use easily available dry leaves or wood waste if straw is not available, don't use newspapers printed with inorganic inks - government has banned printed paper for food usage, use neem oil or go arka in instead of formalin or other chemicals)
Growing Mushrooms on Your Own Substrate and Container Using Mushroom Garden Kit
How to grow Magic Mushrooms using Mycelium Growkit FIRST TIME
How to Grow Magic Mushrooms Psilocybin Growkit - Tatanka Mushrooms Amsterdam
Grow a Mushroom Mini Farm Kit in Your Kitchen any Time of Year
Easiest & Most Foolproof Way To Grow Mushrooms
Grow-it-Yourself Mushroom Kit Demo Part 1
Grow-it-Yourself Mushroom Kit Demo Part 2
Grow it Yourself Mushroom Kit Demo Part 3
Karnataka: Mushroom-fortified food in midday meals proposed
Edible mushrooms: new food fortification approach toward food security
How Mushrooms Make Vitamin D | Berkeley Wellness
UV Light Makes Mushrooms Rich in Vitamin D
Fortification of mushroom with calcium by vacuum impregnation
Vitamin B-12 in Mushrooms | Healthfully

In tropical regions instead of heating we need to have cooling arrangement for mushrooms in case going for those varieties.

Subsidized Materials List - Just like LED bulbs (may be blue & red LED bulbs for indoor gardening) the following materials can be considered for subsidy for urban farming - hydroponic/aeroponic pumps, timers (for hydroponic/aeroponic pump on/off control, LED light on/off control etc), foggers or mist makers (for high pressure aeroponics, coolinghouse & mushroom darkroom), micro sprayers (for low pressure aeroponics & mushroom darkroom), water pumps, aerators or air pumps/paddlewheel/blower or airstones, water chillers 2 3, dehumidifiers 2, meters (temperature, humidity, pH, EC or TDS or portable multiparameter meters like hydroponic meter or soil testers, nutrient analyzer, COD/BOD 3, Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria Test Kit etc of course information on ideal conditions for different plant species should also be provided or people should be encouraged to do research on it), pot net baskets or or net cups or hydroponic cups, coconut-shell-pieces/cinder/gravel/growstones, clay pebbles/pellets (hydroton) or grow cubes (like cocopeat/coir cubes, rock/stone wool cubes or mineral wool cubes, peat moss cubes), microgreen pads or propagation felts/mats/quilts/cloths (like coir/coco pads), burlap fabric (first hand गोणि is costly, second hand गोणि available in bunder bylanes might have been printed with chemical inks), microgreen trays, neoprene/foam collars, ready made containers, tie pots, self watering containers 2, air prune pots/airpots 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12, wetpots/ollas 2 3 4 5, biochar, mulch, straw for mushrooms, potting soils, peat moss, nutrients/fertilizers/plant probiotics/biofertilizers/biostimulants (vermicompost, bugcompost, seeweed etc), liquid aquarium plant fertilizers, aquatic fertilizer pellets/tablets (for growing aquatic plants like lotus in water garden), organic algae controllers, organic black dyes (for water garden for algae control), molasses (for fertilizer, pesticide), organic pesticide/biofungicide/bioinsecticide, rock dust 2 3 4, pH balancer 2, tanglefoot 2, yellow traps 2 3 4, mosquito dunks 2, smokeless ovens/incinerators for ash production (Solid Waste Management and Sanitation By-law 2019 Schedule 7 of the bylaw gives an elaborate list of fine, including littering (Rs. 1,500)), smokeless biochar kilns, microshredders (papers/paperbags/paperbox/cardboards should have a label to indicate whether they could be used for organic biocompost), plant support nets/mesh/trellis/cages, bamboo poles (for caging/staking), garden wires, handheld tools (plant cutters/pruners/scissors, bonsai tools, weeder, cultivator/rake, trowel/shovel, dibbler, transplanter, watering cans, sprayers/sprinklers, soil block makers 2 3 4 etc), seeds, seedlings, sproupting bags/jars/kits etc. If 'ready made containers' are not made available then bucket hole hand drills, pipe cutters etc and even PVC/CPVC/uPVC/HDPE/GI pipes & boxes can be subsidized but there is possibility of them being diverted for other purposes more often than other terrace/indoor gardening materials. Subsidized inverters with solar panels also useful to ensure 24 hour unstopped electricity to hydroponic/aeroponic systems.

The government can also provide subsidized terrace gardening kit, hydroponic/aeroponic/aquaponic kit, biofloc kit, microgreen kit, mushroom grow kit, micro/drip irrigation for containers kit 1 2 3, self watering ollas/wetpots 2 3 4 & self watering seed starter kit 2 3 4, greenhouse dome for seed starter, solar kit, rain harvesting kit all together as a single kit. Solar kit and rain harvesting kit should relieve load on water & electricity due to gardening. Even 'three pot composting system' developed by 'Mangaluru Ramakrishna Mission' (Pot-composting pilot to be expanded, MCC eyes pot composting in 10,000 households across coastal city, ‘Opt for pot composting’) can be a part of the kit. Even 'airpot biocompost kit' 2 can be subsidized. Along with 'biocompost kit' (or 'vermicompost kit') even 'composite tea brewing kit' (anyone has tried brewing cow urine to cultivate aerobic bacteria? not for soda but for fertilizer, this can be tried with liquid waste flowing out of cow shed) can be supplied.

The list above will give people so many options. For example, people staying in apartments need not go in search of soil as readymade potting soil will be available along with mulch etc. Only thing is we have to take care of recycling and terrace/indoor gardening guidelines should have enough clauses on these things.

Goal of terrace/indoor gardening is naturally cool the city, reduce air pollution 2. Using conventional HVAC for greenhouses or polyhouses 2 3 4 is a costly stuff both economically & ecologically so natural ventilation/natural cooling greenhouses/polyhouses should be promoted. (No idea how much cost/operationally effective/complete are new technologies like radiant cooling, roof turbine ventilators 2 3). This type of greenhouse is called coolinghouse or tropical/hot-climate greenhouse in contrast with conventional greenhouse/polyhouse which is used for ensuring higher light intensity and heating in cold or temperate regions. People should be able to grow during all seasons - summer, winter & rainy. Retractable cooling houses 2 is preferable instead of conventional greenhouses/polyhouses during summer. In addition to retractable white roof (or green roof or shade net or agro shade net) and insect net we need clear/transparent roof during rainy season (and winter against fog). Though leafy vegetables grow well during rainy season fruit & flower bearing plants suffer. Also plant nutritions in soil (in pots/bags) are washed away by rain & then weeds issue unless mulched. (hydroponics/aquaponics anyway require roof during these seasons). But under cloudy & rainy conditions plants have to get enough light, this can be ensured through clear/transparent roof. White roof and clear roof combination can be achieved by having them each in both sides of roof beams both being retractable individually. Various roof conditions like no roof, 100% clear roof, 100% white roof, 90% white roof + 10% open roof, 80% white roof + 20% open roof could be achievable. During rainy season it can be 100% clear roof disabling rain to fall on plants. But when roof is covered fully with clear roof vertical ventialation can be provided in conventional greenhouse fashion or through walls of greenhouse. (Can also try to combine with roof turbine ventilators). In a way this would be 'integrated greenhouse and coolinghouse system'. Even vertical & horizontal ventilations through roofs can be integrated by having roofs at different levels or zigzag roofs etc. Insect net will be an issue for those plants which require pollinating agents. During rainy season rain water can either be percolated or dripped through holes or separate arrangement could be made for collecting rain for gardening & providing to plants through gravitational arrangement depending upon needs in addition to rainwater harvesting. Solar panels could be provided without affecting ventilation & availabilty of light to plants. (better to have self-cleaning solars panels 2 if they are available at cheaper rate so that there is no need to clean them using water as solar panels may need cleaning more than two times annually to maintain performance efficiency level, though Mangaluru gets enough rain the level of dust may require this kind of arrangement as rain is seasonal). Narrow strip of solar panels can be placed over roof beams so not to affect normal functionality of coolinghouse. Alternatively if transparent solar cells (TSCs) can be printed on white/clear roofs then electricity can be collected when roof is covered with one of them. A simple manual way of making a coolinghouse/greenhouse is to have plastic curtain for roof like cloth curtain on windows (for tying to windows only one end is used but for roof both ends should be used, or some kind of manual rolling shutter type arrangement can be tried), open and close manually as per conditions of the day. Higher roofs can have manual arrangement like the one which was used for opening & closing of cinema screens in good old days. And also wait for the day when photochromic/thermochromic plastic sheets will be available at a cheaper rate for coolinghouses (read Tropical and Subtropical Greenhouses – A Challenge for New Plastic Films 2). Can supplement cooling by having a small water garden (try tarpaulin water garden) or aquaponics or biofloc system inside the coolinghouse - 7 Ways to Keep Your Greenhouse Cool: Cooling the Growing Dome. By growing azolla 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11, duckweed, water lettuce in a water garden or tub/tray inside coolinghouse we can get fertilizer, fodder & food 2 also. (who knows one day we may be growing azolla for fertilizer, fodder, food, fuel - 4Fs in our house itself for all our needs).

Perlite, Rockwool, Coco Peat, Growstones...Which Should You Use and Why?

Beneficial Insects
Parasitic Wasp Info – Using Parasitic Wasps In Gardens
Tips To Attract Ladybugs To Your Garden

BIO BLOOMS Seed Germination Cup Made Out of Coir fibers ecofriendly pots for Seedling 10 pcs Bio_45
Round Coconut Coir Pots
Peeponics in Georgia, Ecosan Urine Fertilizer in India, Urine Therapy Elsewhere

Easy to Grow Hydroponic Lettuce Using the Kratky Method
Basement Hydroponic Tower Garden Version 2.0
Extreme Off Grid "Combat" Hydroponics No Pumps Inexpensive Easy Use Grocery Store Stuff!
Water Bottle Kratky Hydroponic for Tomato
Tomato grow in a self watering tree pot on the roof

Aquaponics
My DIY Aquaponics Aquarium Project --***
-- commercial aquaponics terrace garden may look like this
Aquaponics System - $75 - How We Easily Build Aquaponics Garden --***
Aquaponics Design | Backyard System for Pat
What is Aquaponics? How it Works & Why an Aquaponic Setup Can Fail
Aquaponic Gardening
Aquaponicals - Mini Aquaponics System
AquaDesigner Ambiance Living Fountain - Aquaponics System
AAAP Aquaponics Community Farming
Biological Surface Area in Aquaponics
Nitrifying Bacteria in Aquaponics
Murray Hallam Aquaponics

Salt water or marine aquaponics
Marine Science and Technology Centre, Gran Canaria (Aquaponics)
FARM LOBSTERS AT HOME - AQUAPONIC METHOD
How Aquaponics System Helps Grow Sustainable Food for Sea Turtles

Biofloc
Biofloc culture
Growing Marine Shrimp in a Bio Floc System
Intro. - Advance Biofloc (TCT) Temperature control technology - Free Guidance
BIOFLOC TRAINING A SCAM
Bioflocs System for Sewage Water Recycling

There is scope for setting up following industries with colloboration or as a startup to support terrace/indoor gardening. I don't know whether plastic park, coconut park are 100% export oriented or how much of products available for local market.

Plastic Park - hydroponic/aeroponic accessories ... not only sprayers, plant/watering wicks etc but also fulfledged hydroponic/aeroponic kits, 'biocompost kit', 'compost tea brewing kit', 'vermicompost kit' 2 3 4 5, 'vertical gardening kit', mushroom grow kits, microgreen grow trays/kits, copper trays 2 (plastic nazis can try stainless steel or earthernware trays for microgreens), micro/drip irrigation kit, seed vending machine, garden/seedling vending machine, PVC/HDPE/FRP pots/planters, air prune pots/air pots, root pouches, grow bags, grow beds/containers, grow towers 2 3 4 5, self watering containers/wicking beds, self watering airpots, self watering hanging airpots, sprouting jars/nets/kits, salad spinner/tosser, fognet 2 3 4 5 6, mosquito net (for covering trays/tubs where plants like azolla/duckweed grown), tubs, plug/pro/seedling trays, net cups, vermibeds, green nets, compost tea filters, coolinghouse/greenhouse transparent/white plastic, assemblable plastic coolinghouse/greenhouse (mini/maxi/scalable portable/non-portable tropical/hot-climate natural ventilation/cooling retractable/non-retractable automatic/semi-automatic/manual coolinghouses/greenhouses on terrace), geotextile fabric (weed mat or landscape/gardening/agricultural fabric, filter/drainage/drainfield fabric 1 2 3), drain cell, mulch films, plastic sheets, UV stabilized plastic sheets & nets, photochromic/thermochromic plastic sheets, plastic gardening trellis/mesh/cage/net, garden sieves, handheld sprinklers/sprayers, microsprayers/emitters/drippers/bubblers/buttons, misters/foggers/atomizers for aeroponics/coolinghouses/mushroom-darkrooms etc. All plastic material used for growing plants, coming in contacxt with plants directly should be food-grade/food-safe plastics. Also we need to take note of Nano-plastics that accumulate in marine life may end up on dinner plates, study suggests. Anyway as the state government is introducing Israel micro irrigation technology demand for agricultural plastic products going to grow - drip irrigation pipes, drip emitters, greenhouses/coolinghouses - Advantages of Greenhouse farming - Product by Israel Agri in Africa, Multi-Layer Plastic Films, WOW! Amazing Agriculture Technology: Hydroponic farming in Israel, Technology in Future - Creating Water in the Desert .ISRAEL Government etc.

Coconut Park - coco peat/pith/dust, coco coir grow cubes, coco coir grow pad/quilt, coconut coir cups or shell cups with holes as containers (as a substitute for plastic net cups for hydroponics), coconut leaf cups as transparent container covers, husk chips and shell pieces and coconut leaf pieces as growth media, fertilizers (coconut cake, coconut husk/waste) etc. (also see other coconut items here Coir Movie that could come up using left out materials after supplying coconuts to proposed Coconut Park or Campco Coconut Factory. Testing Methods for Cocopeat. Coir geotextile fabric can also be used for terrace gardening, coir lawn can be used for lawning after waterproofing terrace. Can also be used for covering compound walls for growing grass on it (or have edible walls) and even footpaths can be covered with lawns if watered and trimmed regularly (for this we can use tiles in net form - like one used for toilet windows - kept above coir lawn before seeding grass. this is good for recharging ground water during rainy season). Coir pads can be used for cooling greenhouses with pad & fan arrangement though mister/fogger may be economically better solution. Pad & fan can be used for increasing humidity in mushroom darkroom also. (Mushroom darkroom made using clay/earth bricks, porotherm blocks & tiles, covered with water flowing coir pad, can add to cooling effect when water gets evaporated through the pores though bricks/tiles, increase weight on terrace useful for ground-based darkrooms. Can try adding neem/go-arka to trickling/fogging water for sterilization. There is also opportunity for computerized control of humidity & temperature by controlling amount of water flow. Usage of foggers, for ground based darkroom 'air flow through ground soil' cooling system can also be tried.). Coco oilcakes (mixed with molasses) can be used for growing fortified nutritional yeast (Nutritional Yeast as a Source of B12, Vitamin B12).

Farming & Dairy Industry - If dairy farming is encouraged within the city then it can supply materials like cow dung, urine (pesticide cum foliar feeding), go arka (गौ अर्क), panchagavya (पंचगव्य), humic, fulvic, gibberellic acids for gardening easily. Cow urine can be supplied for those who are interested in peeponics with cow urine. Nonethless liquid form of cow dung & panchagavya can also be tried for hydroponics. We can research if cow are fed with grass grown using sea fertilizer whether we can get all 90 elements in cow urine. All animal waste including urine/poop can be used as fertilizer. There is also scope for integrated vertical dairy & farming. Think about cows, goats grazing in pyramid shaped vertical pasture floors being spiraling around the central vertical axis with diminishing size as they stack up!

Fisheries Industry - Aquaponics including combination of ornamental fish aquarium & hydroponics. Already fish meal, sea shell fertilizers are available in market. Sea mineral fertilizers (sea-crop 2 3 oceansolution 5 - may be from desalination plant effluent, 4), seaweed/kelp fertilizers can also be popularized.

Earthenware Industry - Tile factories are closing. But there is a great hope of using earthenware/ceramic/terracotta for gardening/farming like porotherm blocks for mushroom darkroom, olla balls for more efficient olla/wetpot based drip irrigation, biocompost pots, seed starters and even for microgreen cultivation apart from normal grow pots. Whether we can grow mushroom inside a covered cylindrical pot? (Should this be called darkpot?). Vermicomposting grow tower or worm tower 1 2 or olla watered garden barrel 1 can be made with earthernware instead of plastic. Possibility of using earthernware gutters for wick & drip hydroponics can be explored. Combinations of earthernware and steel pipes & fittings for all types of hydroponics are also possible (What about syntax tank?Should it be replaced by cement tank to avoid plastic?). Feeding liquid nutrients through olla balls to plants can be tried. Even earthenware can be recyled for fertilizer. All we need is research on light weight sturdy earthenware stuffs for terrace gardening.

Desalination plant - We don't know from what distance the desalination plant will be drawing in water from sea. Hopefully at a safer distance where pollution is least. What we know is it is going to release effluent at a distance of 40 km from the shore and we will have shipping corridor at a distance of 20 nautical miles. (37.04 km. most probably they could have floated ships well through increased saline shipping corridor hoping no effective increase in corrosion if they had added another one or two nautical miles. why should fishermen be worried if they are not allowed to fish in the dead shipping corridor?). If we assume that the plant draws sea water from a safe unpolluted area of sea (are they producing potable water from polluted water? do people care whether fish they are eating is from polluted or unpolluted part of the sea or river?) then the effluent can be used for terrace gardening & also agriculture in other areas. The plant can also supply brine water for 'marine aquaponics/biofloc' to the city & the hinterland so that diluted version can be used by farmers. (to grow marine plants like seaweed. beginners can start with unprocessed salt available in organic shops if they find marine fish. only concern is where do salt go? but in Tulunadu heavy rain could wash away salt in no time though river & other water body's salinity may increase by a negligible margin). It is interesting to find out whether Vitamin B12 rich marine algae like porphyra yezoensis of colder region can be grown indoor under automated conditions (need conditions for symbiotic bateria - B-12 in Seaweed or fermentation?)(do we know which marine algae of coastal Karnataka are rich in B12? do we have nutritional information on all of them?) .

Market can also be created for other types of fertilizers like cocoa waste fertilizer (pod husk powder cakes), cashewnut shell fertilizer (cashewnut shell powder cakes after extraction of oil), wood/plywood waste fertilizer/biochar etc. Rock dust can be obtained from jalli crushers (granite chip crushers) or granite cutters. (the type of mineral depends upon the type of rock, so just one kind of rock may not be enough to get right kind of mineral fertilizer for kind of plant, granite dust is just one of ingradient). Coconut/arecanut husk/leaves can be tried as grow media for mushrooms instead of usual straw. Using sewage-sludge/waste water used for fertilizer/biochar has safety issue as effluent may include hazardous materials just like using printed paper for biocompost. (for this just like smart dustbin to identify biodegradable/non-biodegradable waste we require smart wash basin, bathroom & toilet to identify hazardous waste and divert it to hazardous outlet. is there such an automatic analyzer?). Molasses, supplied by Brahmavara Sugar Factory, can be used for producing fertilizers, pesticides and used as growth medium for cultivating nutritional yeast 2 3 or in biofloc (it is hard to find molasses and nutritional yeast in Mangaluru).

There is also scope for other kinds of activities like vivarium 2 3. Vivarium can be for entertainment or other types of commercial exploitations. For example if an unused 'tile factory' is converted to a 'Vivarium cum Restaurant' of endangered species (not for eating, after becoming expert in vivarium - try first with non-endangered species) of the region it would be a tourist attraction. Otherwise a vivarium can be a simple 'farm to table' type restaurant. In complex type of vivarium or a bionponic/biogardening system, materials needed for pharming industry can also be grown. Mangaluru can have a mini biosphere at Pilikula not for living or space exploration but for educational & tourism purposes - Inside Biosphere 2: The World's Largest Earth Science Experiment [URL"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8S5F1K86cY"]2.

Growing of non-tropical region crops can also be tried out - World largest single-domed tropical greenhouse planned for France. Question is whether it is cost/eco effective to get them through transportation from the regions were they grow naturally or grow locally using green/cooling houses for consuming fresh ones or eat local varieties.

In intial stages usage of thermocol/plastic cups, thermocol containers are fine for hydroponics. In later stages through research we have to replace them with coconut coir cups, coconut coir containers, coconut shell cups etc. Similarly grow cubes should be coco peat cubes or arecanut husk cubes, grow pads can be arecanut husk pads. Research is also needed on usage of cow urine (peeponics), panchagavya tea (पंचगव्य कषाय), seaweed etc for hydroponics. There is also scope for using diluted sea water from desalination plant for hydroponics for varieties of plant species accepting them. Experimentation is needed on usage of building wastes like tile dust or brick dust as fertilizer as they are manufactured using fertile clay. I think many of building waste like brick/tile, rock, wood, cement blocks 1 (fly ash present in cement may contain hazardous materials) can be recycled as fertilizer. But as every mineral gets dissolved in rainwater and finally washed into sea we have to have a good way to recycle these minerals from sea as 'sea fetilizer'. Biochar may be the best thing to recycle carbon from atmosphere and put it back in soil and also alkaline biochar may bring down acidity level of soil for the benefit of plants which love less acidic soil. (people are already using alkaline ash). Biochar may also reduce cancer risk. There is also option to get biochar nutritionally charged in biofilters of recirculating aquaculture system and supply nutritionally charged biochar to gardeners. Biochar impact on earthworms? Can also explore funny looking questions like what is 'reusable biochar tray for growing microgreen'? Scope is also there for research on using biodegradle plastic for urban gardening & in general plastic recycling as fertilizer. Experimentation can happen to find out parts of other plants like aquatic plants, banana, jackfruit wastes (for example, skin of jackfruit seeds which would be a waste after processing for seed kernel) etc for grow media like peat 2 or pad or cube.

Currently a few schools/colleges have started teaching students conventional farming. But what we want them is to teach terrace/indoor gardening techniques to urban students. Let us not decide here whether it has to be introduced as curricular, co-curricular or extra-curricular activity. But let us not forget to teach gardening terminolgy to students - 1 2 3 4 5.

Students can experiment with so many things like using liquid compost fertilizer for aeroponic, aeroponic bonsai, studying plant growth under varied conditions like light intensity by controlling LED light supplied through a regulator etc. Lot of researches can be done at highschool, college level itself with a little bit encouragement from startup scheme. Look here for a few examples - 1 2. Colleges can have testing facilities like soil test, aerobic/anaerobic bacteria level lest of brewed composite tea or inoculated/activated biochar (as biochar success depends upon proper recharging with nutrients & inoculating properly with aerobic bacteria) etc and people can take their materials there for testing or else everyone may end up in CARPS. Lot of automation opportunities from soil preparation, seeding to packing to market - hydroponics, biofloc, mushroom darkrooms, micro/drip irrigation, greenhouses/coolinghouses. Lot of areas to research like 'domestic wastewater hydroponics' - how to detect if somebody flushed battery solution into wash basin? We also need to build up database of regional plant species which are good for indoor use for air filtering/refreshing either in bonsai or in natural form. (trees like ficus, arecanut of good air filtering abilities, an indoor gardening architect should be aware of all these, he should also know which plant is good for which pollutant - How to grow fresh air | Kamal Meattle). Also on fragrant plants, pest repellent plants, hazardous plants etc. There are a lot of things to work on 'terrace/indoor gardening informatics', nutritional informatics for microgreens/plants grown using different fertilizers including sea water and under various other parametric conditions, different media etc and interfacing all of them with each other and others which can be discussed once Mangaluru terrace gardeners association (कुड्ल पुरॆतोट कूट)(picked up word पुरॆ which means roof or house from tuluworld dictionary) is formed, subsidy is released, single shops for terrace gardeners come up in various markets. Opportunities are there for the studies like below also.

Big Data Suggests Big Potential for Urban Farming

Beyond the benefits we already enjoy from having street trees and parks in our cities, the researchers estimated that fully-realized urban agriculture could provide as much as 15 billion kilowatt hours of annual energy savings worldwide—equivalent to nearly half the power generated by solar panels in the US. It could also sequester up to 170,000 tons of nitrogen and prevent as much as 57 billion cubic meters of stormwater runoff, a major source of pollution in rivers and streams.

Gardening Gadgets that Give You a Green Thumb at CES 2018: Smart Garden Tech
Urban Barns | Farming of the future

As CPCRI, Kasaragod has bioinformatics facility help can be roped in to develop 'urban gardening informatics' and even 'urban farming informatics'.

WOW! World's Most Expensive Mango Japan - New Agriculture Technology 2 - Coastal climate conditions during rainy season and also sometimes during extreme winter are not suitable for mango flowering and fruiting. One solution is to grow mangoes in greenhouse where favourable climatic conditions can be created. Better to grow bonsai mango trees in baskets (can use food grade plastic waste basket bin if cane/wood basket or readymade airpot is not available) where natural air pruning of roots takes place and then supplement them with olla/wetpot irrigation & fertilization. Or a system like this in case you are not a plastic nazi - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. (don't forget to put tanglefoot around trunk). Even just homemade self watering containers/beds (earthbox)(in case opting for manual pruning to avoid root bounding) are good for learning - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. Self watering air prune containers with coolinghouse/greenhouse can also be tried on terrace - Field Trip to the Hendrens! Self Watering Grow Bag Set-up! Amazing Raised Bed System! And More!!! or simply with wires and white/transparent sheets (mulch films 2) to cover plant like this Mulching farming in all information for small plants (row cover). (for mulching soil, plastic haters can use coir or azolla or other organic materials). Even Kiddie Pools 2 3, Rain Gutter Grow System 2 3, airpot towers can be tried on terrace. Vertical Gardening - Believe It Or Not, This Tower Can Grow Tons Of Strawberries At Home, How to Make a Strawberry Lettuce Crate Tower, Growing Vertically//Small Space Garden Series #4, Build An Organic Self Sustaining Grow Tower, Around the Home: #2 Making a Garden Barrel, Laundry Basket Turned Strawberry Planter. (if towers have legs 1 below or mounted on stool then we can apply tanglefoot to protect plants from ants). Can also try vertical kiddie pools. For hydroponics experiments can also be done to find out which of fertilizer combination is useful for which plants and its economy. Various oil/press cakes can be tried out for liquid fertilizers like coconut cakes, sesame cakes, groundnut cakes, cottonseed cakes, mustard cakes, neem cakes etc and brewing them with other biocompost, vermicompost etc and adding brine water. Students can be taught simple things like plant bugs (aphids, mealybugs, scales etc) propagated/protected by ants and preventive measures to get rid of like using tanglefoot, for example, if plants are mounted on stools, stool legs can have tanglefoot (in addition if we keep saucer below to collect excess water dropping down from pot then saucer can be used for growing azolla which can be used as mulch regularly for the same plant in the pot. saucer can be covered with mosquito net. we can even think of self watering or hydroponic wick system with plant above in pot whose legs having tanglefoot and azolla below in saucer and saucer is having nutrients for both plant and azolla), and even pergola legs for creepers, otherwise they could be mounted on water, and tanglefoot on ropes for hanging pots. Students love for & knowledge on flora & fauna can be enhanced by taking up projects on miniaturized vivarium like self watering terrarium, paludarium or aquascape terrarium, riparium. Even students can be asked to generate rain (drizzle or percolate) on plants from vapour of transpiration using fognet for vertical ventilation of a greenhouse (may not be a good idea to bring down efficiency of ventilation & may heat up greenhouse roof due to condensation but falling droplets may cool floor. wonder whether dews deposit on fognet instead of plants during winter) or can explore skywell 2 for water conservation & dehumidification. Earthernware pot can be tried for cooling water in place of water chiller. (whether earthernware pot increase humidity if kept inside greenhouse?). Students may also show interest in aquaponic/bioponic/aeroponic bonsai, bonsai mangroves etc.

One of research of interest is whether one of island of Netravati which supposedly get submerged under sea due to sea raise can be filled with biochar to raise its level. Just fill the surface of a small island (may be by digging a trench along sea/river shore initially) with biochars (after wetting, if not properly wetted it will float) produced by wastes of plants (or controlled harvesting of vegetation for biochar) grown in island mixed with its own soil (of dug trench) every now and then to a level equivalent to raise in sea level every year & may be also using geotextile covers at the shores. (sea raises about 2 meters in 100 years so we have to raise shore by 2 cm every year using biochar, for a shore width upto this height. width to be filled increases every year. otherwise a wall can be created with suitable width.)(we can also grow mangroves and harvest them in a controlled way in case we use activated biochar. what we need to do is raise height of a portion of shore by say 20 cm by dumping activated biochar. grow mangroves on them. after say 20 years harvesst mangroves for biochar and raise again by 20 com. question is where to dump? in water or shore which is going to be submerged? we can also try biowall over biochar). As island captures carbon as biochar from atmosphere the biochar will capture nutrients from island flowing into sea with runoff rainwater. How much biochar the island can produce through its vegetation is a factor here, otherwise we may have to use external materials may be dredged from dams & lakes (see next paragraph) or dug from sea. This can be tried in threatened shores and river/stream banks of mainland also to protect it from submerging, increase fertility of soil and absorb fluoride, arsenic & other hazardous content in rain water flowing into sea. If inland vegetation is not enough then seaweed biochar can be used. I don't know what will happen to those hazardous contents captured by biochar finally. Not risking to do this to every island of Netravati as I am afraid of sand collection around island taking away volume available for river to flow hence flooding the city. I think this may not happen as whole river bed can be raised by 2 cm every year nearer to sea as we are raising land also may be by not desilting. Only thing is flow may slow down resulting in flooding of upper region unless upper bank is also raised. (Probably we have to raise Netravati upto Harekala dam and Phalguni upto Maravoor dam by 2 meters looking at next 100 years, but for slow down of flow to avoid flooding anti-flooding measures may be needed in upper regions). Otherwise continuous dredging may be needed. My intention is to capture carbon itself from atmosphere to neutralize the havoc it is storming and in the same time find solution to other issues like nutrients flowing into sea.

Other research project of interest is turning a pond or a lake into aquaponics or biofloc system. Nutrients collected in old lakes with fishes could be fed artificially to plants in the garden surrounding them with a good drainage system, like in rooftop garden, draining water back to pond or garden floating on thermocol assuming there is enough aeration (solar aerator or windmill aerator can be used). Nutrient removal has to happen in a controlled manner so that aquatic microlife which feeds fishes are not destroyed & at the same time growth of water weeds are restricted. (lotus ponds lotus itself takes away nutrients and in turn generate food for fishes). A means may be needed to lift solid particles getting collected at the bottom of pond on a regular basis. (this means a permanent dredging or desilting arrangement which is not harmful to aquatic life. there could be multiple solid suckers at different points of pond but maintenance of submerged system may be difficult or automated unmanned dredge or dredging robot or search for 'robotic dredger' in youtube. desilted material may be used as fertilizer or supplied for bricks). And there is also need for good aeration system. Energy for all operation should be generated in the pond/lake area itself. Of course this will not not work for ponds/lakes which get filled by gutters. (We can explore usage of biofloc system for waste water treatment). Though many of lakes in Mangaluru are in eutrophic stage of dying there are many temple ponds in good condition which can feed plants & herbs needed by temple. Advantage is constant pond/lake depth availability for water collection & aquatic life. Can be supplemented by other things like algae control measures. If this system works then similar type of arrangement can be explored for regular dredging/desilting of Tumbay dam also but without garden as dissolved extra nutrient flow into ocean during rainy season. Another possibility is mining minerlas deposited in sea bead as sediments. GSI has found out that many minerals like lime, phosphorus (flown from land along with rain) are deposited in sea bed around Mangaluru. (hope we will have potassium, magnesium also). We need to mine them without disturbing marine life. If we are able to do it in a environmentally sustainable way compared to land mines then it would be a very good go with. Using non-intrusive (without affecting marinelife) robots to collect sediments may be more challenging than projects like Mars Rover but naturally a next challenge to face. This kind of robots would be useful for all kinds of dredging including ports to maintain constant water height.

One more subject of interest is growing ayurvedic, siddha medicinal plants in hydroponic/aeroponic setup and studying to find out whether there is any change in their medicinal effectiveness. Supplying herbs all 90 elements claimed to be in sea water derivative like sea-crop or ocean solution or Ocean Magic and studying its health benefits is definitely an interesting thing to do. (instead of directly feeding the elements can be fed through seaweed, seapurslane fertilizers, also we can find out if there is any variety of azolla, duckweed which grow in saline water). Even trees like banyan, fig, asvattha, bilwa can be grown under hydroponic setup in bonsai form and their health effects can be studied - consumption, indoor air purification etc. Consumption of leaves (tea/कषाय or sambar/सांबार् or as wrappers) of these trees are good for people with issues like diabetes as adviced by Indian traditional medicines. If these trees are available in bonsai or miniature form in home itself it would be useful for daily consumption. It may be relatively easy to grow these trees in bonsai form in aeroponic arrangement automatically controlling water & nutrient supply.

Can also work on using waste water (excluding toilet water) for gardening. Earlier people used to clean utensils, wash cloths in a place near trees like coconut tree and water used to get collected there. Problem was mainly smell & mosquito. What we can do is to have a separate pipeline from home to garden which releases either cleaned water to plants including one in terrace or releases waste water under soil with natural filter arrangement of some kind (biochar?) which does not allow underground water to be contaminated. I have excluded toilet water as people like me may not like things like anthropogenic fertilisation, anthroponics near their home.

What can be experimented on community basis is to collect all human waste through drainage system in a place and use for a mini forest or a tree park (for biocompost, biochar, biofuel and other non-edible uses) of small trees (big trees may not develop deep root system if we feed everything from top) with proper undersoil arrangement without allowing waste water to seep into underground water. The miniforests should also help in improving microclimate of the city. The community based miniforest can contain shared facilities for biocomposting, vermicomposting, biochar, bio-digesting (anaerobic digestion) etc.

One of the best place for all experimentation is Mangalore University. The university has received many green laurels recently. The university is also getting involved in horticulture & other food related research - State learns to grow seedlings in a tray, Colleges under Mangalore University can offer certificate courses in soil testing, horticulture, post-harvest technology, gardening, Prospects of seaweeds. It is better if the university develops suitable models for greenhouse, mushroom darkroom etc and encourage startups. The university can also involve the university college, Hampankatta in 'urban gardening' activities. The university college can also be place for incubation of Terrace Gardener's Association & startups.

Terrace Gardener's Association (कुड्ल पुरॆतोट कूट) can hold Terrace Gardening show like/along Kadri flower show but with more frequency. The show should showcase modern terrace/indoor gardening equipments and other materials from all over the world (most of gardening materials should be available in single shop except for latest), startup projects etc. (Kadri horticulture/floriculture show is not wide enoguh). There could be weekly fair (संतॆ) also for selling vegetables/microgreen/flowers/mushroom grown in terrace or indoor like/along organic fairs. Terrace Gardener Association can also promote spirit of gardening by distributing various prizes/awards like best terrace gardener, best indoor gardener, best gardening school, best vivarium, best startup etc. It can also conduct quiz (gardening terms), debates, essay competitions on gardening for school/college students. I don't know to what an extent local TVs & radios are involved in smart city project but they can play a major role in promoting urban farming - debates, classes or by asking questions related to garden tagged with prizes. Terrace Gardener Association can come up with a website or call centre to answer people's query. Terrace Gardener's Association can even take part in research projects in colloboration with industry & colleges to promote startups. For example, automated hydroponics fooder greenhouse can be developed with sponsorship of DKMUL with an engineering college.

Check which cities are growing their own food -

How China Leads the World in Indoor Farming | Smart Cities Dive
Vertical farm designed to produce food amidst Shanghai's skyscrapers
Tokyo’s Vertical Farms - The Future of Farming | WIRED
Growing Roots - This Farmer Is Taking Root On Your Rooftops // Discovery on Viddsee
The Rise of High Tech Vertical Farming Worldwide! The Future of Farming for Cities of the Future
Urban Farmers - Rooftop Farms
This Farm of the Future Uses No Soil and 95% Less Water
Vertical farming: Plenty receives $200 million investment from tech giants - TomoNews
How Aerofarms' vertical farms grow produce
4 Star Chicagoan: Chicago Lights Urban Farm
Urban Farming in Chicago
Urban Farms
San Diego Hydroponic Farm
Aquaponics | Austin Aquaponics | Central Texas Gardener
Aquaponics Farm North Carolina | Lucky Clays Fresh | Organic Produce
Organic Agriculture in the City of Toronto - Fresh City Farms

Goal - Let us fix goals arbitrarily (without much logics/mathematics or independence of goal parameters) for terrace/indoor gardening against subsidy without counting factors like population growth, climate change affected temperature changes etc.

• Subsidy - Rs. 5 crores
• Duration - 5 years
• Temperature - an average drop of 0.5 degree Celsius
• Air Quality Index (AQI) - a drop of 5 (averaged for all pollutants)
• Liquid waste -- a drop by 5% in effluent flow to rivers/streams (achieved by waste water usage for urban farming)
• Solid Waste - - a drop by 5% (achieved by waste usage for biocompost, biochar, clay brick fertilizer, plywood fertilizer etc)
• Jobs - 500 people (this could be even 5000)
• Startups - 50 in fields like microgreen, mushroom, hydroponics, urban micro/drip irrigation 2, terrace/indoor garden architecture, consultancy & training, terrace/indoor gardening/farming informatics, nutritional informatics, plastic products, coco products, organic/ocean/rock/waste fertilizers, biological solutions 2, waste management, lake management, environment & climate change management
• 50% of schools & colleges in Mangaluru should have greenhouse/coolinghouse or mushroom room
• 5% of houses should have terrace/indoor garden
• Vegetables/microgreens/mushrooms/flowers - 5% of consumption produced within city
• Electricity & water used for urban gardening is got fully from renewable sources & rain harvesting respectively
• 50% fertilizers & pestcides should come from city itself (only organic fertilizers should be used, brinewater included)
• 5% of desalination plant effluents are used for fertilizer, marine aquaponics etc

For AQI assumed that species of trees/plants chosen for terrace/indoor gardening don't emit volatile organic gases & health hazardous tiny pollen grains - 1. (for proper microclimate management of a city trees are planted in a way that they don't trap pollutants by infringing on air circulation just like tall buildings - but that is for urban gardening architect, goal here is only for terrace/indoor gardening not for outdoor trees. our urban gardening architects neither know that weak trees are not good for Mangaluru's windy rainy season nor that if we water trees because of non availability of ground water then these trees without strong/deep roots can be uprooted by wind easily).

With 5 crores we can not subsidize everything so whatever minimum needed to achieve maximum could be subsidized. But everything should be made available in a single shop including information & consultancy so that people need not wander from shop to shop searching for materials. It is better to have a pottery shop, wicker shop (for cane baskets used as grow containers), nursery/acquarium/aviary also integrated into it. Apart from this Mangaluru can have seed vending machines 2 and garden/seedling vending machine in various places like malls, markets, busstops etc. Also seed libraries can be encouraged so that seeds adopted to local climate & soil conditions can be shared with each other. I think a few of terrace gardeners in Mangaluru are already sharing seeds. 'Single shop' can be opened along with 'single window system' in new market complexes like Kavoor, Urwa. These markets can have terrace top nursery (you can have solar panels mounted on poles to provide shade to plants) along with 'terrace garden' & coolinghouse for demonstration purposes along with single shop. We can even think of nurseries along with parks (& miniforests) like Kadri Park.

Goal is also to reduce fertilizer related mining by recycling (although rock dust, rock fibre (there are others like vermiculite, perlite, gypsum, epsom, lime) which are got by mining, are listed better to adapt technology for sea fertilizer either like sea crop, ocean solutuion, Ocean Magic after studying its effects on soil like salinity or seaweeds and media like coir), to achieve local production/supply for local use ('farm to table' similar to 'walk to work') which reduce transportation costs. We need not worry about outside farmers losing jobs due to urban farming as they can always to switch to crops for biofuel & other industrial uses though ultimate goal should be even to produce these locally. And they will not lose job if population grows at current rate.

It is somewhat confusing asking for subsidy and at the same time new startups have to manufacture subsidized gadgets after doing research. I would say initially imported kits (kind of kits suiting our climate conditions without need for costly HVAC systems) can be subsidized and then startups can start locally manufacturing them looking at the market.

The subsidy can come through both smart city & startup district schemes. For example, schools and colleges can get relatively costly stuff through startup district scheme whereas citizens can get subsidized fertilizers, pesticides, kits through smart city scheme. No idea what are the laboratory equipments on agriculture/horticulture currently provided by the central government to schools under 'Startup District'. Even request can be made for CSR funding. I don't know whether National Horticulture Board subsidies are applicable to Urban Gardening. Greenery cess can be used for mini forests - MCC clueless about using greenery cess. At the minimum we should divert sewage flowing into lakes to mini forests.

By now we might have also understood that 'terrace/indoor gardening' goal is to recycle waste we are generating, adding rain water and energy from sun to it to produce our food & improve environment & a bit of other things like economy. A plan should be in place for recycling of extra plastic waste generated by terrace/indoor gardening integrated with recycling of other types of plastic waste. Both nutrition & waste including plastic waste flowing into sea, some are settling at bottom as sediment, some are increasing concentration of water further (of course melting ice from polar region & mountains will decrease sea concentration). Not recycling them also may be increasing height of sea to whatever negligible small extent apart from increasing temperature melting ice & adding water & then heated water expanding. We discussed other possibilities of recycling like transpirational fognet, recirculating aquaculture system, anthropogenic miniforest, aquaponic lake etc. (we also discussed about biosphere but not for living). We are talking about a city designed for recyclability but not every aspect of it.

Hydroponics may sound costly initially but as we go for mass production of equipments needed, perfect hydroponic farming technolgy, increase harvesting frequency thanks to faster growth under hydroponic conditions, go for vertical farming things will become economical. A few of vegetables for example basil (available only in malls in small packages), lettuce are now costly in Mangaluru growing them hydroponically may be cost effective. Instead of commercial fertilizers usage of stuff like vermicompost tea, biocompost tea, seaweed tea 2,cow urine, cow dung tea (cow dung mixed with water then filtered), bricks tea (powder waste bricks/tiles and prepare tea by mixing with water and then filter or soak brick pieces in water and then use pestle to grind), diluted sea water or mixture of all can be beneficial both economically & environmentally. Oilcake tea is costly but can be used for growing costly vegetables. Cow shed waste can be delivered to our door from dairy farms at suburbs like milk or better like unpacked kerosene oil of old days till in-city dairy farm is realized. Liquid fertilizers can be manually applied to plants or through hydroponic arrangements like drip system. Important to see again - Best Liquid Fertilizer To Grow Huge Plants in Your Garden.

Lot more to discuss on terrace gardening including indoor/kitchen gardening. I will do this in a separate blog'पुरॆतोट' (house/terrace garden). I will also discuss about terrace/indoor gardening business models there. And hoping for a change in the way Tuluvas consume their food here is - 'बॆरकॆ-अट्टिल्' (berake attilu, fusion cooking) - a cooking blog.

Here are some relevant extra web links
Maximum increase in temperature in coast
Is Karwar turning out to be the hottest place in Karnataka?
Mushroom-fortified food in midday meals proposed

And enjoy watching these videos also
The Future of Farming & Agriculture
This High-Tech Farmer Grows Kale in a Factory
TOP 5 Awesome INDOOR GARDENS That You Can Buy In 2018
Top 10 Best Cool Smart Home Gardening System Gadgets Tools for Garden life Hacks 2019
Top 10 Amazing Gardening Gadget Inventions 2 3 4
Unlocking Salt Water | Mark Tester | TEDxKAUST
Best Self Watering Ceramic Ollas & More at the Heirloom Seed Expo
Ancient Watering Renewed
areca nut | bonsai | ಅಡಿಕೆ ಗಿಡ | ಬೊನ್ಸಾಯ್ - Whether coconut tree can be bonsaied like this?
2
Should I have a CO2 generator for my greenhouse? 2 3
Galvanized Vertical Strawberry Planter! 🍓🍓🍓// Garden Answer (FULL VERSION)
How to make a Potato Barrel for growing 40+ lbs of potatoes in a small space
High Yield Potato Barrel
How to grow potatoes in a large barrel

Let curse be upon those politicians or bureaucrats or any other person if they steal any of original startup idea of me from here to implement in the parched city including its satellite/shadow cities or any other mega metro city.