[Hindentanic]

Perhaps a case study project is Seoul's Cheonggyecheon creek restoration project, which removed the elevated Cheonggyecheon Highway cutting through the central city and restored a former historic creek that had been reduced to a drainage ditch beneath the highway into a modern riverwalk. While the riverwalk itself is a major urban design achievement, a peculiar side-benefit of the project was that the removal of the major highway infrastructure counter-intuitively improved traffic flow in the city. This is Braess' Paradox, where adding major road infrastructure to congested networks instead complicates and worsens the congestion, while removing road infrastructure simplifies the network dynamics and can actually ease congestion. Motorists will always adjust their traffic behavior and routing accordingly, and by simplifying or reducing the network options and capacity, traffic can not only be merely redistributed, but even also dissuaded. Instead of induced demand, it is reduced demand of discretionary, or unnecessary, traffic.