I think something to consider when trying to make transportation more efficient is that information is critical. People will make efficient and sustainable choices once they have information that shows them accurately each transportation mode and the true costs associated with each one. Information is critical for innovation.
In the market, this information is shown through price. Unfortunately, in transportation there are so many distortions in the forms of subsidies, regulations and externalities that prevent a marketplace from existing. This is big reason why I think transportation has stagnated and even gone backwards.
Take subsidies for instance: drivers are subsidized since everyone bears the burden of road maintenance through property taxes. That means if I walk, bike or take transit I am subsidizing the person who commutes by car from 30 km out of town. It is no surprise that we have so many cars and so much sprawl.
Having road-users pay for roads would eliminate this problem. Until recently, this was impractical as tolling could only be done with physical booths. The best way would be for cars to pay for roads based on how much they drive, when they drive and where they drive using GPS. A Toronto based company Skymeter (
www.skymetercorp.com) has developed this technology which accurately records a vehicle's movements later used for billing.
Sorry, this is probably a bit too abstract
Once this subsidy is removed, public transit would also no longer need to be subsidized and could even be privatized. With deregulation, you could have a competitive transport marketplace filled with bike-share, jitney-service, car-share and competing mass-transit systems similar to what exists already in Asia. More environmentally-friendly technology would be encouraged by requiring users to pay for credits or taxes on pollution measured by exhaust sensors.
The point I'm trying to make is I don't think any of us really can say what an ideal transportation network for Vancouver is. I have an idea what it may look like: there will probably be a lot more rapid transit and walkable neighborhoods, but, it is impossible for me or anyone else, to have complete knowledge of what transportation choice is best for every individual. The market should decide.