NEW YORK | 200 Greenwich - 2 WTC | 1,270 FT | 80 FLOORS | ON HOLD

[NYguy]

Site of tower 2, with Freedom and Goldman rising in the background. Excavation should be completed in June.

by ksten

[marcipan]

I like this tower. Its very good looking :-)

[NYguy]

wrong thread...

[chex]

nice pic thanx...

[samoen313]

How is the dark-to-light glass being handled? Will the tinting of the glass change little by little at every floor or are they going to have some kind of screening over the windows that can be painted lighter and lighter as the floors progress upward. The renderings all look more like the former, but I can't really think of an instance where glass tinting is handled in such a matter. Does anyone know/did i miss something in one of the articles?

[NYguy]

Two of the last renderings:

[CoolCzech]

Those renderings of the FT and 2WTC make it clear they will indeed BE the Twins, reborn. PLUS, they'll have 2 magnificent monster-sized sisters.

Good place to post this WSJ.com article:

At Ground Zero, Optimism Returns
Westfield Again Envisions
A Valuable Retail Site
By KRIS HUDSON
January 16, 2008; Page B1

In 2003, the pitched battles over the redevelopment of the World Trade Center site finally got to be too much for Westfield Group. The Australian company that had owned the retail space in the complex sold out for what it had invested and walked away from the financial, political and emotional quagmire.


But now Westfield is back, a sign that many of the worst fights are over; retail in the area is booming and signs of progress are finally beginning to emerge from the gaping hole that has scarred downtown Manhattan since the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

This month, Westfield and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which controls the site, agreed to a $1.45 billion partnership to develop and operate about 500,000 square feet of shops and restaurants at the site. The Sydney-based company says now that the squabbling parties have finally coalesced around a plan, it once again believes that it can develop some of the most valuable retail space in the world.

"We're back in there because we actually believe it's going ahead and that the buildings will be built, the space will get leased and people will come back down there to work," said Peter Lowy, Westfield's chief executive officer.

Milestones include the 2006 ground-breaking for a memorial that will occupy the former footprints of the Twin Towers. Steel for the first office building on the site, dubbed the Freedom Tower, is scheduled to rise above street level during the first half of this year. Fights have been resolved over such things as how much insurance companies will pay for damage from the attacks and the role to be played by Silverstein Properties Inc., owned by developer Larry Silverstein, who bought the long-term lease of the office buildings on the site six weeks before planes piloted by terrorists felled the towers. The Port Authority and Mr. Silverstein's latest plans call for construction of the buildings to conclude in 2011 and 2012.


Westfield envisions a mix of luxury retailers to serve commuters and downtown residents.
Even so, the project has become infamous for its delays. All told, the reconstruction entails erecting five office towers, the memorial, a museum, a performing arts center and a transit hub on 16 acres in the middle of one of the busiest cities in the world. "You're dealing with the most complex construction project in the world," said Michael Francois, the Port Authority's director of development. The unforeseen obstacles that contractors encountered under the site include the remnants of an old railroad station and harder-than-expected rock formations.

Indeed, the Port Authority announced in December that the memorial complex won't be done until the 10th anniversary of the attack, two years later than originally planned. Development of the office towers may well be slowed by tightening of the credit markets or a recession. Since Jan. 1, the Port Authority has been incurring daily penalties of $300,000 for failing to complete on time underground work at the sites of Mr. Silverstein's three buildings and turn them over to him. Some of those involved in the project are privately predicting that some of the many construction projects on site might not be completed until 2013 or 2014.

Meanwhile, Westfield is pushing ahead. Mr. Lowy envisions a mix of retailers at the site to serve luxury shoppers, commuters and downtown Manhattan's burgeoning base of full-time residents. Some of the project's design and function will be influenced by Westfield's experience with massive retail projects in London, Sydney and San Francisco. It will probably include a dining terrace such as that in Sydney's Westfield Bondi Junction, which features smaller versions of sit-down restaurants with open-air kitchens. It also might include a gourmet grocery store with much of its space dedicated to prepared foods, much like the Bristol Farms store in Westfield San Francisco Centre.


A large chunk of the retail space -- roughly 80,000 square feet -- will be located in the site's transit hub, which will connect 11 subway lines. Most of the project's street-level space will host high-end shops, the kind that have found a ready market downtown in recent years. Once tenants are signed and stores open, the project will attract some of the highest rents in the country, Mr. Lowy predicts.

But Westfield will cater to a downtown Manhattan much different than the one before the terrorist attacks. There will be 28,171 apartments and condominiums by the end of this year, more than double the number in 2000, according to the Alliance for Downtown New York. Eight hotels with 1,600 rooms are under construction and 10 more hotels are slated to begin construction soon.

Downtown retail space, which generated sales per square foot of $800 to $1,000 and asking rents of $200 per square foot before the attacks, now is more lucrative. These days, because of the residential influx, downtown retail space carries asking rents of $350 to $500 per square foot, says Faith Hope Consolo, chairman of retail leasing at Prudential Douglas Elliman in Manhattan. Luxury retailers that recently opened stores downtown include jeweler Tiffany & Co. and men's clothier Thomas Pink; those scouting for space include jeweler Cartier and handbag merchant Ghurka.

"Depending on the timing of when it comes online and the demand, people could bid 20% above the asking price for this space," Ms. Consolo said of the center's shops.

The optimism contrasts with the frustration that drove Westfield from the project in 2003. The company deemed early concepts for the rebuilt office towers lacking in the street-level space and pedestrian access that it needed to boost sales and attract tenants. Office lobbies, Westfield argued, should be on the second and third floors rather than hogging valuable street frontage. Additionally, the company balked at early plans to extend as many as four roads through the site, reasoning that vehicle traffic would impede pedestrians' access to shops.

Another issue: there was some public sentiment at the time that stores and restaurants shouldn't be built on the site where more than 2,700 lost their lives.

Yet Westfield kept a hand in the project. Part of its exit deal gave the company the right to negotiate with the Port Authority first once it finally decided on its retail plans. Westfield also has been advising the Port Authority on retail at no charge since it left, perhaps with an eye toward thwarting any rivals angling for the job.

The resulting design partly addresses Westfield's desires, but not fully. The company gets only minimal street frontage -- roughly 37,000 square feet -- but it also gains considerable space in the transportation hub.

"There's clarity. That was our primary reason for coming back," Mr. Lowy says.

Write to Kris Hudson at kris.hudson@wsj.com2

[CoolCzech]

The one thing that really disappoints me about the FT's spire is that the cabling turned out to be so puny and visually obscure. I had hoped it would be one of the defining features of the FT.

[Chi649]

Originally Posted by CoolCzech

The one thing that really disappoints me about the FT's spire is that the cabling turned out to be so puny and visually obscure. I had hoped it would be one of the defining features of the FT.

I agree, they should have gone all out with the cabling and made it a distinctive architectural element. Either that or not show any at all because IMO, it gives a cheap kind of look, reminiscent of guy wires on a radio tower.

[NYguy]

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/17/ny...on&oref=slogin

Extracting Survivors’ Stairway for a Home at the 9/11 Museum


The steps, known as the “survivors stairway,” are to be housed at the 9/11 museum, right, where visitors will see them while using a new stairway.



Workers recently cut into concrete enclosing steps used by hundreds of Sept. 11 survivors at the trade center.


By DAVID W. DUNLAP
January 17, 2008


With the new World Trade Center rising clamorously around it, the last standing vestige of the old World Trade Center is about to be uprooted.

In the last week, workers have cut openings into a concrete superstructure supporting 38 steps that once led from Vesey Street up to the north end of the sprawling Austin J. Tobin Plaza. Because hundreds of evacuees made their way down this route on Sept. 11, 2001, it is called the “survivors’ stairway.”

Whether the stairway itself would survive was a question for the Pataki administration to ponder. It proposed to salvage individual steps but not the entire run of stairs, which stands where Tower 2 is to rise. Preservationists and survivors of the attack were dismayed by the plan.

So was the Spitzer administration. In August, Avi Schick, the chairman of the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation, proposed to extract the staircase whole from the surrounding concrete bulkhead, then reinstall it in the National Sept. 11 Memorial and Museum at ground zero.

Preparations are under way to do just that.

By late February, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which owns the site, expects to build a steel framework beneath the five-foot-wide staircase.

That will permit workers to isolate the stairs from the rest of the remaining Vesey Street structure, which includes a fragment of terrazzo paving from the Tobin Plaza, a sloping surface where two escalators once ran and an entrance to the Cortlandt Street station on the No. 1 subway line, which has been closed since 2001.

Besides the staircase, workers will salvage part of the plaza pavement. A plywood barrier and several columns from the subway station will be taken to Hangar 17 at Kennedy International Airport, where large-scale 9/11 artifacts are kept.

The rest of the structure will be demolished.

“You have to do it with an extraordinary amount of care,” said Stephen Sigmund, chief of public and government affairs at the Port Authority.

Once the staircase is atop its steel cradle, it will be jacked up and rolled to Vesey Street. It will stand opposite the small park outside 7 World Trade Center until it is lowered by crane to the museum’s principal floor, almost at bedrock.

The steel framework will continue supporting the staircase in its permanent location. Though visitors will not be able to walk down the staircase remnant, they will pass it on a new staircase or escalator.

“That ceremony of descent will be alongside the survivors’ stairway,” said Alice Greenwald, director of the memorial museum.

The removal and reinstallation will cost about $1 million.

One of the first to suggest this approach in 2006 — as a way of breaking the impasse between preserving the survivors’ stairway and proceeding with Tower 2 — was Robert Silman, an engineer working as a consultant to preservation groups like the New York Landmarks Conservancy and the Municipal Art Society.

“I’m confident they’ll get it right,” Mr. Silman said on Wednesday. “I think they’re very serious about doing a good job. I’ll say that now, because in the beginning, they were skeptical about doing the job at all. I have no quarrel with what’s being done.”

Mr. Schick saw a practical side to the project. “It sends the message that we can honor the memory of that day, hear the voice of those who experienced 9/11 and reconcile that with development goals and the need to move forward,” he said.

Ms. Greenwald found a more spiritual side to housing the staircase in the museum, saying, “It reinforces a fundamental curatorial message: We all live in a post-9/11 world and, in that sense, every one of us is a 9/11 survivor.”

[Hoodrat]

Originally Posted by NYguy

Two of the last renderings:

I never get tired of looking at renders of this one...

...my personal fave project worldwide. Those cropped angle offset diamonds are the f.ing bomb. It's so dramatic and futuristic without appearing alien and wierd.

[NYguy]

Originally Posted by Hoodrat

I never get tired of looking at renders of this one...

...my personal fave project worldwide. Those cropped angle offset diamonds are the f.ing bomb. It's so dramatic and futuristic without appearing alien and wierd.

I think because the other towers are smaller than the Freedom Tower, people will be amazed at the scale once the towers are actually topped out. Even Tower 4 will be very close to 1,000 ft, essentially putting 4 thousand footers at the site, compared to the two we were used to seeing.

[CoolCzech]

Downtownexpress.com

Port hears the shouts over construction noise

By Julie Shapiro

Six hours of sleep might not sound like something to celebrate, but for people who live near the World Trade Center site, it’s nothing short of a miracle.

After a weekend of quieter construction, followed by several weeknights of loud construction stopping by 11 p.m. or midnight, residents were cautiously optimistic about the Port Authority’s new noise plan, though they criticized it for not going far enough.

In the plan, announced late last week, the Port promised to pay for thicker windows and quieter equipment, but would not commit to a moratorium on loud work between 11 p.m. and 7 a.m., as residents and elected officials requested.

“We’ve been listening to you for quite some time,” Glenn Guzi, a Port Authority program manager, told residents Monday at a Community Board 1 meeting. “We know it’s the right thing to do.”

Pat Moore, resident of 125 Cedar St. and one of the leaders in the fight against W.T.C. construction noise, thanked the Port Authority for the plan. “It’s been a long time coming,” Moore said. She asked Guzi to take a message back to the Port’s executive board: “If they lived in the area, it would have happened a lot sooner.”

Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver and City Councilmember Alan Gerson helped broker the agreement with the Port Authority.

Under the plan, the Port will pay for landlords within 100 feet of the site to soundproof windows that face the site, up to $1,200 a window; install smart backup alarms that are quieter at night; fit hoe rams, used to break up rock, with noise shields; limit loud construction noise after 11 p.m.; and work with the city Department of Environmental Protection to measure and reduce noise.

The Port will also increase the amount of construction that happens during the day, do blasting rather than jack hammering when possible and tell traffic cops not to blow whistles beneath residents’ windows. The new backup alarms will adjust the volume of the beeping to the level of background noise, so they will be loud during the day and quieter at night.

Gerson told C.B. 1 members Tuesday that the plan “reflects unprecedented responsiveness by the government, by Port Authority, to noise,” but he said more needed to be done.

He sent a letter to Anthony Shorris, executive director of the Port Authority, on Monday detailing his concerns. Gerson asked for soundproofing of windows in a larger area facing more directions, and he requested a timetable for when the changes will take place. Three buildings that face Liberty St. are eligible — 125 Cedar, 90 West and 114 Liberty Sts.

“The bottom line is residents must have quiet time from 11 [p.m.] to 7 a.m. and some time period on weekend days,” Gerson wrote. “It would be immoral and unseemly to rebuild ground zero at the expense of anyone’s health and well-being.”

Kurt Havens, a 90 West St. tenant, appreciated the recent quiet and looks forward to seeing the rest of the plan implemented. Blankets and towels drape the bedroom window of his 19th-floor apartment in an effort to keep out the noise, which he said was becoming unbearable.

“You can get any project done twice as fast if you sacrifice everyone’s well-being,” Havens said.

Quentin Brathwaite, assistant director of World Trade Center construction for the Port Authority, presented the plan at Board 1’s World Trade Center Redevelopment Committee Monday night.

Bill Love, a board member who lives in Gateway Plaza, said work ended before midnight recently but still disrupted his sleep when it started again around 5 a.m. He and his neighbors are not eligible for the window money.

“It’s very difficult to meet these deadlines, so we will continue to work long days,” Brathwaite replied. There will be another “rough period” at the end of January or in February, during which the Port will start at 5 a.m. every day and work two 10-hour shifts, he said.

As board members and residents responded indignantly, Guzi, of Port Authority, cut in. Guzi corrected Brathwaite, saying the goal is to stop noisy work around 8 or 9 p.m.

“There will be some times that unfortunately it is not possible to stop at 11, which is why we’re soundproofing the windows,” Guzi said, adding that the worst noise will come in mid-February.

Until then, the Port will offset the earlier stop times in the evening by continuing to start work around 5 a.m. “It’s one or the other,” Guzi said. “They have to meet the schedule.” Port Authority is paying developer Silverstein Properties $300,000 a day after the Port missed the year-end deadline to turn the sites for Towers 3 and 4 over to Silverstein.

“What’s sacrosanct about Port Authority’s economic interests?” resident Mark Scherzer asked. He suggested restricting the work hours and spreading the subsequent costs over the many users of Port Authority’s airports and bridges. “How is that a burden [to the public] compared to the way [the long hours] burden the community?” he asked. The audience burst into applause.

Peter Levenson, owner of 90 West St., sought to put the $300,000 penalty in perspective. He imagined totaling the daily rents of the thousands of Downtown residents who are subject to construction noise, and said the Port’s $300,000 might not seem like such a big number. “We are all quite inconvenienced,” Levenson said. The rent residents pay “is not something being respected.”

A 176 Broadway resident said noise from multiple projects is keeping her children up night after night. Her apartment isn’t within 100 feet of ground zero, so she won’t receive money for installing windows. The noise comes not just from the Port Authority, but also from the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Con Edison and several cable companies.

“It’s always someone and it’s always something,” she said. “We need a coordinated Downtown effort to address this noise.”

The residents aren’t the only ones affected by the noise. Visitors who check into the Millennium Hotel across from the World Trade Center site on Church St. are issued a pair of earplugs, but they’re still unable to sleep.

“We’ve lost quite a bit of business,” said Stuart Yule, director of security. He asked Guzi, “How are you going to compensate us?”

Guzi replied that the window soundproofing is not for commercial buildings, but that the Port Authority would meet with Millennium to discuss options.

Jan Larsen, the hotel’s general manager, said after the meeting that he has already pleaded with the Port Authority to reduce their work hours, without results. Many of the hotel’s customers are in town for business and expect a good night’s rest. When they don’t get it, they check out early.

“We’re in the business of selling sleeping rooms,” Larsen said. “We don’t get a lot of compassion from our customers.”

David Stanke, who lives at 114 Liberty St., joined with his neighbors after 9/11 to pay for soundproof windows in the building, an expense that he now sees as well worth it.

“You can never pay too much to protect yourself from government,” Stanke said, drawing laughs from the audience.

The Port estimates that the soundproof windows will cost $500,000 to $600,000, Guzi said.

In terms of the penalties the Port is paying to Silverstein, someone in the audience called out, “That’s just two days.”

The Port Authority also updated the World Trade Center Committee on construction progress at the site. The Port has completed excavation of the Tower 4 site, which is at the corner of Liberty and Church Sts. Now, Port Authority is coordinating the turnover of the site to Silverstein, who will build a tower designed by Fumihiko Maki there.

Tower 3 site, to the north and a little farther from the residential buildings, will take another month to complete, and then Silverstein will build a Richard Rogers-designed building there.n has promised not to do construction late at night or early in the morning. The full fines will continue until the site is ready for Silverstein.

The deadline for the Tower 2 site to be ready for construction is June 30, 2008.

The Port Authority also announced earlier this month that the Westfield Group would return to the World Trade Center to run the retail space. There is no word yet on specific stores, but the Port said Westfield is looking at a different mix than the original World Trade Center shops, since the new space features street-level retail.

[NYguy]

Originally Posted by CoolCzech

After a weekend of quieter construction, followed by several weeknights of loud construction stopping by 11 p.m. or midnight, residents were cautiously optimistic about the Port Authority’s new noise plan, though they criticized it for not going far enough.

How about no construction at all? Is that far enough for you folks!? Let's just leave ground zero the way it is, a natural memorial. Who cares if its an open hole that sucks the life out of the area?

[NYguy]

Site of Tower 2 from wtcrising.com

[NYguy]

http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_24...gtheworld.html

Shaping the World Trade Center’s pieces



Workers secure the Survivors’ Stairway. The steps portion of the remnant will be incorporated into the W.T.C. memorial museum.


By Julie Shapiro
Feb. 1 - 7 , 2008

When tourists and curious residents peer into the World Trade Center site from street level, they see a big dirt pit, studded with machinery, a jumble of puzzle pieces that don’t quite form a complete picture.

But below ground, in the midst of the roaring equipment and piles of rock, the future of the site is beginning to take shape. It is getting easier to see which cradles of bedrock will hold which future skyscrapers. The outlines of roads and underpasses are becoming clearer, dividing the mass of construction into segments familiar from bird’s-eye renderings.

And while the site sometimes appears quiet from street level, far more movement is visible belowground. The sectors crawl with activity, as hundreds of construction workers drive heavy machinery or sweep debris, working on the half-dozen major projects that will bring four skyscrapers, a train station, a memorial and a performing arts center to the site within several years.

“Today, those who live or work around the site — and tourists from around the world who visit it each day — can see that construction is progressing aggressively and the site is bustling with activity,” Anthony Shorris, executive director of Port Authority, said in a statement. “Cranes are constantly in motion, steel is going up and trucks are lined up each day moving concrete and materials on and off the site.”

The Port’s $16 billion investment will ultimately bring the equivalent of five Empire State buildings to the site, Shorris said.

“We expect our efforts will pay off in the next few years when the site once again becomes a center for economic activity and a hub for Downtown life,” he said.

Steve Coleman, a Port Authority spokesperson, took a Downtown Express reporter and photographer around the site on a recent morning, pointing out the progress.

New PATH entrance
The newest — and the final — temporary entrance to the PATH station is rapidly taking shape and is on schedule to open in several weeks. The Port Authority has to close the current temporary entrance on Church St. to complete the excavation for the final Santiago Calatrava-designed station.

The PATH entrance will move to Vesey St., where a tall bank of eight escalators is taking shape to convey commuters from the underground terminal to street level. During the visit, the escalator steps were in place for the most part, but the handrails were missing and the open sides gave views of the belts and internal machinery.

To the side of the escalators, construction workers were pouring concrete slabs that would connect the new entrance to the current PATH station. When the Calatrava station opens in 2011 under the current schedule, this temporary entrance, like the two that came before it, will be demolished. The final station will have entrances on Greenwich and Church Sts.

Survivors’ Stairway In the midst of bright, noisy machinery and striding workers in neon vests stands a remnant of the past: the Survivors’ Stairway, which served as an escape route to Vesey St. on 9/11. The staircase, of crumbling white stone, is embedded in a large block that once housed an adjacent escalator.

All around and beneath the staircase, workers are building steel supports to prepare the stairs to be moved. The staircase will then sit on the site near Vesey St. temporarily, until it is lowered into the memorial museum, where it will be on display. The bottom two-thirds of the steps are missing chunks and look battered and ancient — as if the construction workers uncovered them in an archeological dig — while the top steps look eerily new and polished. The stairs survived 9/11, but were damaged during the recovery and cleanup operation in the months that followed.

The support work to preserve the stairs and move them to temporary storage, done by contractor J.H. Reid, will cost the Port about $1 million, Coleman said.

Tower sites
The Tower 4 site, at the corner of Church and Liberty Sts., is one of the calmest sectors, as the space holds its breath between excavation and construction. Port Authority has finished digging out the site — the rock floor is 80 feet below street level — and on a recent morning, several men in cherry pickers were inspecting the tiebacks in the slurry wall, which protects the site from floods. The Port will soon turn the site over to Silverstein Properties, which will build the tower.

Just to the north, a frenzy of work continued at the Tower 3 site, where enormous jackhammers called hoe rams pounded into bedrock. The penetrating thuds have been a source of complaints from nearby residents when Port Authority’s work went around the clock, but since a new noise plan went into effect, several residents said the noisiest work has stopped by midnight.

Much of the Tower 3 site is excavated to the required 80 feet, though the northern chunk still has more to go. As the hoe rams recently blasted the bedrock into manageable chunks, backhoes swooped in to convey the boulders into trucks, which carted the rock off the site.

The Port has paid a $300,000-a-day penalty to Silverstein since Jan. 1, when it was supposed to turn over the sites for Towers 3 and 4. The Tower 3 is expected to take at least a few more weeks to be ready for construction.

Tower 2, in the northeast corner of the site, looked the way the other tower sites looked several months ago. Backhoes scooped dirt out, waiting to hit bedrock. The deadline for the Tower 2 site to be turned over to Silverstein is June 30.

Freedom Tower
Steel beams mark the boundaries and progress of the Freedom Tower in the northwest corner of the site. A lone white beam, inscribed “Freedom Tower,” which was ceremoniously lowered into the pit several years ago, is still visible — but only partly. As the building grows, concrete is filling in around the beam and now eclipses about half of the vertical inscription.

Most of the work at the Freedom Tower is happening in the center of the building, the concrete core that will house the elevators. Port Authority is building the core up first, and then the steel will follow, bringing the work above street level by the end of the year. At 1,776 feet, the Freedom Tower will dwarf surrounding buildings and stand tallest in the world.

Atmosphere
Construction workers throughout the site looked busy, though a few took time to joke with a Downtown Express reporter. They were also concerned that the reporter and photographer were not wearing the mandated safety goggles. Signs throughout the site reminded workers to prioritize safety, and with trucks flying along gravel paths and a level of noise that sometimes made speaking difficult, the concern seemed prudent. One sign warned workers to make eye contact with the foreman before proceeding.

Nearly all the evidence of 9/11 has been carted away. In fact, the 16-acre site, but for its scope and sprawl, could almost be a construction site anywhere. However, relics of the past pop up in surprising ways. A memorial plaque sat on the ground outside a trailer that hosts relatives of the attack victims. And on a construction worker’s hardhat, above his set mouth and dark eyes, was a white sticker: “I didn’t forgive. I don’t forget.”



Port Authority contractors work on the escalators for the third and last temporary entrance to the World Trade Center PATH stop. The entrance is expected to open in a few weeks and the permanent train station is scheduled to open in 2001.

[Dac150]

2001? I think they mean 2011 for the permanent station to open.

[NYguy]

Originally Posted by Dac150

2001? I think they mean 2011 for the permanent station to open.

NO, no, no, they're going to build it, then transform in back through time. That way, we wouldn't have had so many delays in the rebuilding...

[Dac150]

Originally Posted by NYguy

NO, no, no, they're going to build it, then transform in back through time. That way, we wouldn't have had so many delays in the rebuilding...

Makes sense to me..

[Lecom]

Six hours of sleep might not sound like something to celebrate

Heh, someone's never been in architecture school.