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  #81  
Old Posted Nov 30, 2014, 12:20 PM
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Old Posted Nov 30, 2014, 12:23 PM
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Old Posted Nov 30, 2014, 12:24 PM
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Old Posted Nov 30, 2014, 12:34 PM
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Old Posted Dec 4, 2014, 1:50 PM
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To use architectural terms, this is best described as reusing the steel and components of an old building to build a new one. In chemist terms (which is what molecular cooking is based on) this is like taking bleach and putting it in a solution where the bleach only makes up a small percentage of the solution. The bleach solute in overtaken by the solvent and the solution is not as harmful to us as the bleach alone. Note by Note cooking is based off of a goal of doubling the world's food supply. The problem is that Note by Note cooking has to work with a damaged food supply, and would have been (and still is) a great idea if it came 100 years ago. If we have one human being and one piece of bread, it would do wonders if we could shrink the human being and/or expand the piece of bread. Molecular cooking is the future when it concerns feeding the world's growing population.
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Old Posted Dec 7, 2014, 2:25 PM
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The Campus and the City

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Old Posted Dec 15, 2014, 7:20 AM
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Amale Andraos, dean of Columbia’s Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, describes her vision for a greener, “environmentally virtuous” New York City to New York Magazine. She is one of five inventors profiled who have “big ideas that could make life a little bit better and more interesting for everyone.”

Going Green in the Urban Jungle


NYMag

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This week, Daily Intel profiles five inventors with big ideas that could make life a little bit better and more interesting for everyone.

If you wanted to illustrate the concept of abandonment and decay, you could hardly do better than an image of an overgrown city, with roots smashing through asphalt, tendrils sneaking over thresholds, and streams cascading down escalators. Nature and the city are supposed to remain on their respective sides of a notional border, and when they don’t, the outcome is at once picturesque and disturbing. And so in cities, we have confined trees to their square holes in the sidewalk and hardened shores against rivers and seas. We have spent untold billions to make sure that nature doesn’t enter uninvited, and that our urban centers remain impermeable, sharp-edged, level, and dry.

But the New York of a couple of decades from now could be greener by design, a city where patches of planned wilderness infiltrate the architecture, by invitation, not neglect. Imagine a pedestrian pathway running through tended grasslands in the center of Broadway; Canal Street reconverted back to a canal; farmers harvesting kale in Washington Square or on the 20th floor of a vertical hothouse; roof gardens fertilized with local compost; a convention center that sits beneath a forested hillside; skyscrapers that use water from showers, tubs, and sinks to irrigate balcony arbors and planted walls; midtown streets shaded by hanging vines.

It’s not that far-fetched. “Look at the East Village,” says the architect Amale Andraos. “On almost every street, you have a garden, maintained partly by the city and partly by the community, which drops the temperature, grows food, and provides shared space. That model of integration is very simple and also quite radical.”


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Andraos, who founded the firm Work AC with her husband Dan Wood, recently became one of the most powerful women in urbanism when she was named dean of Columbia’s Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation. Her fantasies have an institutional imprimatur. This may be speculative daydreaming, but it’s respectable daydreaming. This bucolic future Gotham is one that has responded sensibly to the realities of climate change. Wave-calming wetlands and outboard islands protect a nature-besotted city. In times of rain, designated streets become temporary spillways, absorbing, storing, and cleaning floodwater, then releasing it in a regulated flow. Summers are mild, storms are kind, and the air is pure.

She has plenty of company in imagining an environmentally virtuous city where concrete and greenery exist in sustainable harmony. The landscape architect Diana Balmori has linked the roofs of 21 ministries in the new Korean center of Sejong with a three-mile planted walkway, not unlike the High Line, that she hopes will breed a new pedestrian infrastructure. (She was also a collaborator in Work Architecture Company's "Wild West Side" proposal to create a radically green neighborhood on the Hudson Yards site.)

“Why not take over city streets just as we’ve taken over railroad lines for linear parks?” Balmori asks. “It’s only a step away from what we’ve already done.” Now she’s campaigning to widen and landscape the Broadway median from 72nd to 136th Street, creating a path equipped with solar panels and turbines powered by the wind from passing cars.

Nature has already made significant inroads into the concrete jungle. Green roofs are proliferating, retaining storm water and then releasing it into buildings’ plumbing. Parking lots are becoming porous. The High Line has demonstrated the power of the landscaped pedestrian artery. In the Brooklyn Botanical Garden, the firm Weiss Manfredi enfolded a new visitor center in turf, and in Prospect Park, Tod Williams and Billie Tsien have nestled the Lakeside skating complex into the park’s natural topography.


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Greening the city is not just a New York effort. In Los Angeles, the landscape architect Mia Lehrer has been leading a long-term push to turn the desiccated L.A. River into a new park system’s lush spine. Also in L.A., the Trust for Public Land has been pushing a plan to turn 900 miles of alleyways into a web of microparks. In Milan, the Italian architect Stefano Boeri has just completed the pair of verdant apartment towers he calls the Vertical Forest. And long before these adventurers were even born, Frank Lloyd Wright insisted that landscape and architecture were indissolubly coupled and that good design took its cues from nature.

Andraos and Balmori both know that it will take a long time for these isolated efforts to link up into the parkland metropolis they envision. But they’re confident that one day vines, grasses, crops, and water will be just as intrinsic to the New York experience as miles of hard gray asphalt. And, since successful experiments quickly get replicated all over the world, a greener Manhattan could yield a more vegetative Buenos Aires and Mumbai. This matters because, as more and more of the world’s billions converge on growing metropolitan regions, the planet’s health depends on more breathable cities. An abundance of nature makes urban life prettier and more pleasant; it might also save the world.
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Old Posted Dec 21, 2014, 10:53 AM
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Old Posted Dec 27, 2014, 6:49 AM
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Introducing the Manhattanville Campus



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  #90  
Old Posted Dec 27, 2014, 10:50 AM
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Columbia > Harvard.
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  #91  
Old Posted Jan 5, 2015, 8:38 AM
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The honorable Kenneth T. Jackson, professor of history and social sciences at Columbia University, explains balancing NIMBYISM and preservation with development and progress when concerning the East Side Rezoning.

Gotham’s Towering Ambitions

NY Times
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FOR much of the last century, New York City has been the financial, cultural, media, retailing and fashion capital of not just the country but the world. Yet the great Hudson River metropolis is in danger of losing that status because of a growing local attitude that favors the old over the new, stability over growth, the status quo over change and short buildings over tall ones.

That attitude can be seen most clearly in the groundswell of opposition to a proposal by the Department of City Planning to rezone 73 blocks on the East Side of Manhattan to allow for newer and bigger skyscrapers.

In 1965, this area was the most intensely developed square mile in the world, with twice as much floor space per acre than any other place on earth. But virtually nothing has been built there in the past half century. Not surprisingly, the buildings in the neighborhood, known as East Midtown, are now comparatively shabby, out of date and uncompetitive with the best office space in Tokyo, London and Hong Kong. Of the 100 tallest buildings in the world now under construction, only three are in New York and only one is in East Midtown.

Opposition to the rezoning is based on three arguments: that it is already overdeveloped, that subways and trains cannot support more riders, and that new development will threaten historically significant structures.

All of these points miss the unique nature of New York. First, high density is a good thing in neighborhoods with excellent public-transit options. It is the reason outsiders are attracted to Manhattan, the reason it is so vital, energetic and exciting.

Many young adults willingly pay twice as much for a fourth-floor walk-up in Gotham than they would spend in Milwaukee or Tucson for better space. They know upward mobility is more common in New York than elsewhere. Probably more important, they guess that they are more likely to meet potential romantic partners on the sidewalks, buses and outdoor restaurants of the metropolis than in freeway traffic, parking lots and shopping malls in less dense cities.

New York is for those who want to be part of the tumble and the tide and who are comfortable with diversity and crowding on a daily basis. And recall that Manhattan was 47 percent denser in 1910 than it was in 2012 (2.3 million residents in 1910 and only 1.6 million a century later).

Second, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority could handle more, not fewer, riders. Although ridership is up by about 60 percent since 1975, the number of patrons is still about 360 million per year fewer than in 1947 (2 billion riders then versus about 1.6 billion in 2012).

True, some lines that serve East Midtown, like the Lexington Avenue subway, are jammed every morning. But the Second Avenue line, though still under construction, will relieve some pressure on the area before any new buildings can be built as a result of rezoning.

Moreover, Grand Central Terminal, which is in the heart of East Midtown and handles a large portion of the city’s commuter traffic, could accommodate dozens more trains. For example, on a typical weekday at 3 p.m., its 67 tracks and 44 platforms send only 10 trains an hour to the suburbs. Tourists do stop and stare at the station’s world-famous 128-foot ceiling, but part of the attraction is the dense human symphony on the concourse.

Third, while the historic preservation achievements of the past half century have been remarkable, the local effort has moved well beyond its original purpose. Landmark designation now covers more than 31,000 properties across the city. Its goal seems to be to preserve anything that will maintain the streetscape, whether or not the individual structures have significance. Entire blocks are frozen on the logic that the first buildings ever put there are also the best that could ever be imagined there.

Landmark West, a preservation group on the Upper West Side that has helped increase the area’s buildings designated as historic from 337 in 1985 to almost 3,000 today, is frank about its objective to designate more buildings as landmarks and more neighborhoods as historic districts. Presumably, its leaders would be happy to stop any change at all between 59th Street and 125th Street.

New York has long had its opponents of change. The Woolworth Building, one of the first modern skyscrapers, broke with tradition when it opened in 1913, starting a new race to the sky. But excessive height frightened some people, so in 1926, the Municipal Art Society and the City Club collaborated on a plan to restrict new buildings to 10 stories or fewer.

Had they succeeded, we would never have seen the Lever House or the Chrysler, Empire State or Seagram Buildings. Rockefeller Center obliterated its streetscape and required the demolition of hundreds of individual brownstones. Few cared. New York was going where no other city had ever been.

Is New York still the wonder city, the place that celebrates the future, the city that once defined modernism? Or should it follow the paths of Boston, Philadelphia, Charleston and Savannah in emphasizing its human scale, its gracious streets and its fine, historic houses?

The answer for a metropolis competing on a global scale must be no, because a vital city is a growing city, and a growing city is a changing city. When Henry James returned to New York in 1904 after a long absence in Europe, he discovered that the city of his youth had “vanished from the earth.” But in its place a powerful new metropolis was emerging, with a skyline unequaled at the time.

That was the nature of New York then, and it remains so today. Those who oppose changes like the East Midtown plan may love New York, but they don’t understand that they are compromising its future as the world’s greatest city.

Kenneth T. Jackson is a professor of history at Columbia, the editor in chief of The Encyclopedia of New York City and president emeritus of the New-York Historical Society.
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  #92  
Old Posted Jan 5, 2015, 8:52 AM
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Professor Kenneth Jackson reminds me of myself. I would love to pedal through Manhattan with him.

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When Kenneth T. Jackson began teaching his course, "The History of the City of New York," 37 years ago, he decided to take his students out of the classroom to grasp the full impact of the urban environment. He first thought of daylight walking tours, but the streets were too crowded. So he settled on a nighttime bike ride with 10 to 15 students, the better to see New York in all its glory.


'I Knew I Had...to Take This Class'


Wall Street Journal

Quote:
Hundreds of bicycle riders in white shirts barreled through a blazing Times Square at midnight last Thursday, singing and cheering as they whizzed through intersections while forcing cars to stop short.

"Is this some kind of rally?," a police officer called out.

Actually, no, a rider answered sheepishly. It was history class.

Professor Kenneth Jackson's all-night bike ride has become a tradition at Columbia University, and the hallmark of his class on the history of New York City.

"Once I was here I knew I had to find a way to take this class, take this ride," said José Giralt, 51, who is in his fourth year as a student at Columbia. "It's kind of famous on campus."

Early in his teaching career, Mr. Jackson, who also edited "The Encyclopedia of New York City," said he tried bus and walking tours through the city, but he became frustrated by the challenges of navigating Manhattan during daylight hours.

He decided to attempt a night-time bike tour, when cars and crowds had thinned out. His youth provided a benefit other than stamina, he said, because he "didn't worry much about litigation at the time. It sort of became a tradition before people began to say, 'Are you crazy?'"

At first, in the late 1970s, just a handful of students biked through battered streets, changing course on collective whims.

Last week, hundreds of riders followed a meticulously plotted route and were accompanied by an entourage of support, including an ambulance, mechanics and an SUV.

The lectures at city landmarks have become harder to hear and are now shouted through a bullhorn; 3 a.m. bathroom stops are scouted for more than 200 people.

"To be frank with you, the main thing they get out of it is just the experience of riding through the city," said Mr. Jackson, now in his 70s. "I do think they'll remember it for all of their lives.

Others who have completed the ride in previous years agreed. "It's like going on a carnival ride and you think you're going to die, like a really bad roller coaster," said Valerie Paley, a former teaching assistant to Mr. Jackson. "When it's over, it's like, 'Wow, that was great!' It has that exhilarating feeling."

The Wall Street Journal accompanied students on this year's ride. By 11 p.m., riders had begun gathering in the center of the Columbia campus. The cluster of bikes expanded, until the school's central walkway was packed with hundreds of students donning white shirts, fiddling with helmets and adjusting seat heights. Mr. Jackson strode around in Spandex shorts, making last-minute checks.

By 11:30 p.m., the column was heaving forward, rumbling out of campus toward Riverside Park, the stream of metal bikes glinting in the street lights. Some students exchanged grins, while others gritted their teeth and tried to avoid smashing into the bikes darting around them on all sides.

Some were unsteady at first, weaving and wobbling in and out of lanes, yelping apologies after numerous near-collisions.

As the train of riders slowly stretched out down Broadway, a giddiness surged through the group. The city was still coursing with life at midnight, lighted by windows and street lamps. As the students cycled into Central Park, some were astonished to still see dog walkers and strolling couples.

After a series of challenging hills, the group arrived at a ghostly Bethesda Fountain, their faces flushed.

In Times Square, the pockets of conversation ceased as the group glided through the center of streets that were as bright as daylight. As cars parted to let them through, a sense of awe swept through the group and the riders, as one, began to whoop, singing Columbia songs and correcting each other's cheers. ("It's 'Roar lion,' not 'Lions!'")

They didn't have much practice, some said. "This is the first time I feel school camaraderie," said 21-year-old senior Shreya Agarwal.

The course swerved down past Gramercy Park and Madison Square Park before stopping in Greenwich Village for an hour-long break. Students dispersed to grab greasy falafels, ill-considered vats of macaroni and cheese and sugary crepes.

"This is the first time I feel like I'm really living in the city," said 21-year old senior Lisa Lian, sitting in a macaroni shop.

As the hour-long break ended, riders mounted their bikes a little more slowly. Tiredness—and the realization that it was 2 a.m. and the ride was barely half over—began to sink in. Pedaling became a little harder, feet a little heavier.

The ride zoomed down to Wall Street, past the stock exchange and a deserted stretch of barricaded blocks, where a giant statue of George Washington loomed out of the darkness.

The bikes zipped through Battery Park City as an orange-tinged mist draped over the tips of buildings on the New Jersey shoreline.

The group walked wearily across the Brooklyn Bridge, the skyline glittering in the pre-dawn darkness and illuminating the riders' sheens of sweat. Then the group trekked to its final destination—the promenade—just after 5 a.m.

A low, tired cheer went up as Mr. Jackson delivered his final lecture. Then it was time to bike back to the subway and startle the handful of early-morning commuters. Students laid their heads on their bikes as the train rumbled back uptown, the night finally over.

The route has changed over the years, participants said, adapting to the shifting city, the expanding ridership and the advancing age of its leader. "As I get older, I begin to think where the hills are," Mr. Jackson said.

Some stops no longer exist: The Fulton Fish market was a regular destination until it closed in 2005. "It was a very colorful place to go and very dirty," said Ms. Paley, 50 years old, who opted out of the ride this year. "You would see lots of men running around with bloody shirts."

And some experiments proved ill-fated; a trip over to Staten Island on the ferry provided just enough resting time for adrenaline to ebb and sleepiness to rush in. And a rest stop at the Ear Inn on Spring Street was lost when the group grew too large.

Still, for many the ride provides a perspective on the city they never imagined, and will likely never experience again. "It's a once-in-a-lifetime experience," said senior Laura Ly, 20.

Fellow senior Joanna Phillips chipped in: "Except for Professor Jackson."
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Old Posted Jan 5, 2015, 9:04 AM
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Kenneth T. Jackson, Jacques Barzun Professor of History and the Social Sciences at Columbia University, discusses the benefits of the capstone assignment in his popular History of New York City course: a collaboratively-authored description and walking tour of a New York neighborhood.
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Old Posted Jan 17, 2015, 4:36 PM
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One of the many "fulfillment of the America Dream" stories took place at Columbia University in 2012, when the school custodian for 20 years - Gac Filipaj - graduated from the School of General Studies.

Gac Filipaj: From janitor to Ivy League graduate

CBS

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It's graduation season, and though every grad has traveled a unique personal path to his or her diploma, few have a story to match Gac Filipaj.

CBS News correspondent Tony Guida reports Filipaj, 52, graduated from Columbia University Sunday. His diploma is a validation of a life-altering choice: books over blood.

Filipaj's country of birth - Yugoslavia - was a killing field in 1992 with civil war, ethnic cleansing. Filipaj could either fight for a cause he did not believe in or flee.

He escaped to New York. He chose it not just as refuge but as renaissance.

"I am not blind. I look in the mirror and see myself. If god has not given me some nice appearance he has given me a head, has given me a heart and I can make myself better," Filipaj said.

Filipaj started at the bottom, cleaning bathrooms. But these were Ivy League bathrooms. He chose a janitor's job at Columbia University because it came with 14 free credit hours a year.

"I do believe that education, a good education, is very important not only for individuals themselves but for society as a whole," Filipaj said.

First Filipaj had to learn English. With his fulltime job it took 7 years. Then he enrolled in Columbia's classics program, studying Greek and Latin by day, scrubbing toilets by night.

"He is a remarkable human being," said Gareth Williams, who supervised Filipaj's thesis on the Roman philosopher Seneca.

The professor saw a man dedicated to knowledge.

"He would ask one question and then he would ask another question and a third question. His intellectual curiosity is very broad," Williams said.

Another 12 years of work-study led to this moment, not just a crowning but also a passage. Filipaj plans to get a Masters, even a PhD. One day he hopes to teach.

"There is a saying that Seneca said: 'While you teach, you learn,'" Filipaj said.

With 19 years of learning behind him, Gac Filipaj, 52, graduated from Columbia University on Sunday, with honors.

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Old Posted Jan 17, 2015, 8:47 PM
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Steve Cohen, the Executive Director of Columbia's Earth Institute, explains the importance of sustainability, where to invest resources, and talks about Columbia University's Sustainability Management program.

All Effective Management Must Be Sustainability Management

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About a year ago, I began to direct a new masters program in Sustainability Management at Columbia University. We figured it would be a small start-up program, possibly attracting 30 or 40 students. Instead, last September we started with 115 students and by January that number had grown to over 150 students. This fall, Columbia's Sustainability Management program will enroll about 250 students. Over the past year our faculty developed over 20 new courses, including a new course that I teach in sustainability management. That course combines basic organizational and change management with the fundamental issues of sustainability: waste, energy, food, water and ecology. In order create a structure for my new course, and provide a primer on the subject, I wrote a book called Sustainability Management, which Columbia University Press publishes this week.

One of the main goals of this new book is to help change the definition of management effectiveness to include the physical dimensions of sustainability. I believe that sustainability is simply the latest step in the past century's evolution of the field of organizational management. The development of the modern field of management begins in the early 20th century with the invention of the techniques of mass production and the assembly line -- followed by the start of modern human resource management. Later, we see the development of Generally Accepted Accounting Practices and the evolution of the Chief Financial Officer position. In the 1960's-1990's, computing and communications technology advances resulted in the growth of non-financial performance indicators. Well managed organizations established Chief Information Officers to manage the exponential increase in information pouring into the organization. At the end of the 20th century the growth of the global economy requires that many organizations develop more capacity to operate internationally. The modern CEO must understand all of it: production, finance and financial management, human resource management, information management, international trade and commerce.

A decade into the 21st century, the needs of organizational management have added another dimension: a physical one. In the old days, water, energy and waste were minor factors in an organization's cost equation. Those days are gone. In an increasingly crowded planet, the scale of production of everything has grown and with it we see an increased draw on the earth's finite resources. The costs of water, raw materials and energy are an increasingly important part of the cost calculus for the modern organization. Waste disposal is no longer cheap or free and the organization that figures out a way to reduce and re-use waste has a significant cost advantage over organizations that do not.

The book Sustainability Management is an effort to develop a framework for understanding and analyzing sustainability. I'm trying to help identify and overcome the obstacles to achieving a sustainable economy. My aim in writing the book was to provide a tool for sustainability change agents and to assist those seeking to transform their organizations and communities.

Sustainability management is economic production and consumption that minimizes environmental impact and maximizes resource conservation and reuse. It requires that organizations learn how to think about the long-term instead of focusing on weekly, quarterly or daily reports. In a world of global 24-7 electronic media, never ending financial exchange, and low cost information and communication, the pressure for immediate information, accomplishment and gratification is overwhelming. Election cycles have become endless in politics and corporations are no longer managed to the quarter or year, but to the minute. If we are to achieve a sustainable economy and learn how to consume without destroying this planet's productive capacity, we must figure out a way to slow down the merry-go-round.

My view is that within a decade the definition of effective management will include sustainability management. A well-managed organization by definition will be one that ensures that physical constraints, resource costs and environmental impacts are inputs to routine decision-making. I think this can be done, and I think it must be done. But at the moment, we don't really know how to do it.

Managing the planet is beyond our current technical, organizational, financial and political capacity. We are not yet able to sustainably produce the food, energy, water, air and biological necessities required to sustain both human life and our planet. The goal of the field of sustainability management is to develop these capacities. To do this we need to invest resources in:

Earth observation- Earth, atmospheric, ocean and ecosystem science. We need a better understanding of the impact of our productive technologies on the planet.
Technology- We need to learn how to make and use renewable energy, food, air and water.
Organizational capacity- We need people with the skills to understand and overcome the obstacles to sustainability. This will require enhanced scientific literacy and rules of the game which reward and do not punish long-term thinking.
Public policy- Government must develop a regulatory structure that promotes sustainability technology and rules of the game that punish organizations that plunder the planet.
I am optimistic that these things can be accomplished not simply because of the urgency of the issue, but because of the cost factors that have begun to drive sustainability in many organizations. Companies like Wal Mart started to require that their suppliers demonstrate adherence to sustainability principles as a way to control price without sacrificing quality. The green these companies are focused on is the one on our currency, not in the natural world. While we have not yet figured out how to manage our organizations, cities and planet sustainably -- we have begun to try.
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Old Posted Feb 19, 2015, 8:44 AM
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"Pakistan's Ahmadis: Blasphemy, Identity & Persecution" A talk held with Advocate Mujeeb-ur-Rahman at Columbia Law School on October 23, 2014.
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Old Posted Feb 19, 2015, 8:46 AM
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May 17 marks the 60th anniversary of the landmark Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education overruling the doctrine of “separate but equal” public education and finding that racially segregated public schools violate the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Columbia Law School faculty and alumni played an active role in this history by serving on Thurgood Marshall’s NAACP legal team for Brown and other pioneering civil rights litigation. In more recent years, Columbia University President Lee C. Bollinger has been deeply engaged in major civil rights cases involving higher education that are among the contemporary legacies of Brown. As law dean and then president at the University of Michigan, Bollinger was a central figure in the 2003 Supreme Court cases—Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger—which upheld and clarified the importance of diversity as a compelling justification for affirmative action in higher education.
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Old Posted Feb 19, 2015, 8:59 AM
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Columbia University and our hospital partner, NewYork-Presbyterian, are at the forefront of genomics, data science, and the core science, policy, and engineering disciplines essential to this emerging field of humanistic medicine known as precision medicine, which the White House announced on Jan. 30 is the mission of a new $215 million federal initiative.

The potential for progress in this broad field goes beyond new cures for disease and the practice of medicine. It encompasses virtually every part of the university, including areas that explore fundamental issues of human self-knowledge and the legal, policy, and economic implications of revolutionary changes in our understanding of human biology.
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  #99  
Old Posted Mar 25, 2015, 10:23 PM
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If you saw Moses standing in front of a map with his pencil going over it in sweeping gestures, you would see the dreamer, the visionary, the artist, he saw New York. By New York I mean New York and it's suburbs, 2100 sq miles, an area in which 12 million people lived. He saw all this as a canvas, he was going to build his roads across it, he was going to build his roads around it, there would be parks here, public housing here, he saw the whole this as one great mural, one huge wonderful mural, it all had the unity and the vision and that is the vision to which New York and its suburbs were shaped - Robert Allan Caro

What Moses is doing as the executor of this program, the federal government's New Deal money just cascades into the city and very much in the Oldmstead tradition, he is going to build a series of connecting highways - Mike Wallace, Professor of History

Before the decade was out, a great circumferential parkway had begun to sweep around Brooklyn from the East River to the Atlantic Ocean, a ravishing bridge had leapt over the Harlem River connecting Manhattan to the Bronx, and the revolutionary West Side improvement a gorgeously landscaped 6 and a half mile long urban symphony - part park and part parkway - had begun to sweep majestically down the West Side of Manhattan along the Hudson River
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Old Posted Jul 21, 2015, 7:46 PM
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