I came across something cool today:
www.mapnificent.net
It takes timetables from Google transit, lets you pick a location on the map, then shows you graphically where you can get by transit in a given amount of time.
Here are some maps for the Wasatch Front, all calculated based on a start point at SL Central Station:
15 Minutes:
30 Minutes:
45 Minutes:
In 60 Minutes, FrontRunner will get you as far as Ogden:
If you want to get to Provo, you'll need around 2 Hours:
Keep in mind that these were all done with a departure time of around 3PM.
I think that later in the evening, you could probably catch an express bus that would get you to Provo in less time.